Melewatkan vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan (flu, COVID, herpes zoster, HPV) vs. mengikuti rekomendasi vaksin dewasa CDC
Jika Anda bertindak
Melewatkan atau menolak vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan (tanpa suntik flu tahunan, tanpa booster COVID, tanpa vaksin herpes zoster di usia 50+, tanpa catch-up HPV)
40%
Jika Anda tidak bertindak
Mengikuti jadwal vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan (flu tahunan, booster COVID-19, herpes zoster di usia 50+, catch-up HPV hingga 45)
18%
Persentase orang yang kemudian menyesali setiap pilihan. Diagram batang dan catatan lengkap ditampilkan di bawah.
Kesehatan
Terakhir ditinjau 2026-05-24
Kualitas bukti 3.63/5
Skor tinjauan delapan dimensi terhadap
rubrik kualitas
. Setiap dimensi dinilai 1–5.
D1 Verifikasi sumber
4/5
D2 Otoritas & independensi sumber
3/5
D3 Akurasi tingkat penyesalan
3/5
D4 Keterbandingan sumber
3/5
D5 Pola Gilovich
4/5
D6 Kualitas prosa
4/5
D7 Kelengkapan peringatan
5/5
D8 Kualitas sampel
3/5
Rata-rata3.63/5
Data proksi — tidak ada survei penyesalan langsung untuk keputusan ini. Tingkat diturunkan dari skor kepuasan dan data hambatan akses daripada pertanyaan yang langsung menanyakan tentang penyesalan. Lihat peringatan di bawah.
Penyesalan atas tindakan
Melewatkan atau menolak vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan (tanpa suntik flu tahunan, tanpa booster COVID, tanpa vaksin herpes zoster di usia 50+, tanpa catch-up HPV)
40%
Tidak ada survei penyesalan-langsung yang mewakili dari orang dewasa yang melewatkan vaksin; ~40% yang ditampilkan adalah proksi triangulasi, bukan tingkat terukur. Kedua titik data jangkar mengukur hal yang berbeda: di antara pasien COVID-19 tanpa vaksinasi yang dirawat inap dengan sakit berat, 64,7% mengatakan mereka akan divaksinasi 'jika bisa memutar waktu kembali' (penyesalan pasca-hasil yang sesungguhnya, tetapi subpopulasi penyakit berat), dan di antara orang dewasa AS tanpa vaksinasi secara umum, antisipasi penyesalan atas tidak divaksinasi rata-rata 2,01/4 pada skala persetujuan 1–4 di klaster terbesar ('Reachable') dibandingkan ~1,10 di klaster lainnya
Orang dewasa yang menolak satu atau lebih vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan (flu, COVID-19, herpes zoster, catch-up HPV), dengan data penyesalan terkuat dari kohort COVID-19 yang tidak divaksinasi dan dirawat di rumah sakit (Ioannou et al. 2022 N=162 Yunani)
Penyesalan terkuat saat diukur setelah episode penyakit parah; penyesalan dasar jauh lebih rendah di antara orang dewasa yang melewatkan dan tetap sehat
Penyesalan atas kelambanan
Mengikuti jadwal vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan (flu tahunan, booster COVID-19, herpes zoster di usia 50+, catch-up HPV hingga 45)
18%
~18% orang dewasa AS yang menerima vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan melaporkan adanya penyesalan — sebagian besar didorong oleh penyesalan vaksin COVID-19 pada populasi konservatif secara politik; penyesalan vaksin flu, herpes zoster, dan HPV di antara penerima berjalan pada tingkat dasar yang jauh lebih rendah (~5-10%)
Orang dewasa yang menerima satu atau lebih vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan (CDC NIS-Adult, NBC/Generation Lab 2023, Annenberg Public Policy Center 2023)
Pasca-vaksinasi, biasanya 6-24 bulan
% menyesal dengan pilihan ini
Melewatkan atau menolak vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan (tanpa suntik flu tahunan, tanpa booster COVID, tanpa vaksin herpes zoster di usia 50+, tanpa catch-up HPV)Mengikuti jadwal vaksin dewasa yang direkomendasikan (flu tahunan, booster COVID-19, herpes zoster di usia 50+, catch-up HPV hingga 45)
40%18%
action dominates — Bertindak mendominasi — sebagian besar menyesali karena bertindak.
Keputusan terkait
Keputusan yang serupa secara semantik — area yang sama, kompromi yang berbeda.
Melewatkan, menunda, atau menolak secara selektif vaksin anak (tanpa MMR, tanpa DTaP, jadwal alternatif, atau penolakan penuh)Mengikuti jadwal imunisasi anak yang direkomendasikan CDC/AAP (MMR, DTaP, polio, Hib, hepatitis B, varisela, dll., sesuai jadwal)
Melewatkan atau menolak vaksin perjalanan yang direkomendasikan (tanpa hep A atau tifoid sebelum Asia Selatan/Tenggara, tanpa demam kuning sebelum Afrika atau Amerika Selatan endemis, tanpa ensefalitis Jepang untuk Asia pedesaan)Mendapatkan vaksin perjalanan yang direkomendasikan sesuai panduan CDC/WHO berdasarkan tujuan sebelum berangkat (hep A dan tifoid untuk tujuan non-Barat, demam kuning untuk zona endemis, JE untuk tinggal ≥1 bulan di Asia pedesaan)
Mengonsumsi regimen kemoprofilaksis antimalaria yang direkomendasikan CDC/WHO (atovaquone-proguanil/Malarone, doxycycline, atau mefloquine) sebelum, selama, dan setelah perjalanan ke destinasi endemik malariaMelewatkan kemoprofilaksis antimalaria dan hanya mengandalkan pencegahan gigitan nyamuk (DEET, pakaian dengan permetrin, jaring, kelambu tempat tidur) untuk perjalanan ke destinasi endemik malaria
The strongest direct regret data for adult vaccine refusal comes from clinical settings, not general population surveys. Ioannou et al. 2022 (Infectious Disease Reports) surveyed 162 hospitalized COVID-19 patients at two Greek tertiary care hospitals — 91 of them unvaccinated, 97% with severe disease — and asked at discharge whether they would get vaccinated “if they could turn time back.” 64.7% said yes. 66% expressed regret about their decision not to vaccinate. 64% said they would actively promote vaccination after discharge. This is the gold-standard data point for what happens to adult vaccine regret when the bad outcome materializes: roughly two-thirds of severely ill unvaccinated adults retrospectively wish they had taken the shot. Parallel US clinical-narrative literature (Rolling Stone, NBC, KFF Health News coverage of ICU regret patterns; KFF Health News reporting from Nashville hospitals) describes the same magnitude — “I have not had a patient yet who I’m putting a tube in that hasn’t said, ‘I wish I would have gotten vaccinated.’”
The 40% population-level action-side estimate sits well below the hospitalized-cohort 64.7% because most adults who skip recommended vaccines never experience severe disease. Most flu infections self-resolve, most adults do not develop shingles even unvaccinated, most HPV exposures clear without consequence, and most COVID-19 infections in the post-pandemic period are mild. The regret signal only crystallizes when the foregone protection becomes concrete — through a serious illness episode, a vivid second-hand case, or an outbreak in one’s community. The estimate accordingly averages a sharply high-regret outcome-exposed minority with a low-regret ambient majority who skipped and remained healthy.
The inaction-side regret rate of 18% is structurally elevated above the historical baseline for adult vaccines (typically 5-10% for flu, shingles, and HPV) by the COVID-19 cohort specifically. Generation Lab/NBC News polling from September 2023 found that 5% of Democrats, 29% of independents, and 57% of Republicans who received the COVID-19 vaccine regret having done so. The recent Journal of General Internal Medicine peer-reviewed Vaccine Regret Index study (March 2026) found that this regret pattern is durable, correlates with vaccine skepticism, partisanship, and the perception of having been coerced to vaccinate, and remained stable at the population level across its 2024 data wave. Adult vaccines are therefore a heterogeneous regret category — COVID-era polarization elevates the inaction-side weighted average, while individual vaccines like flu and shingles continue to show much lower receiver regret. The action-dominates pattern holds across the category, but with a narrower regret delta than for childhood vaccines (see Skip vaccines vs. follow schedule) because of the elevated COVID-19 receiver-regret cohort.
Sumber: tindakan
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[1]Infectious Disease Reports — COVID-19 Disease and Vaccination: Knowledge, Fears, Perceptions and Feelings of Regret for Not Having Been Vaccinated among Hospitalized Greek Patients Suffering SARS-CoV-2 Infection↗ 1 other entry
Telaah sejawat
Among 162 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in two Greek tertiary care hospitals (56.2% unvaccinated, 97% with severe COVID-19), 64.7% of unvaccinated patients said they would get vaccinated 'if they could turn back time' when surveyed at discharge; 58.4% expressed this regret upon admission; 53.9% indicated willingness to vaccinate after discharge
Kutipan
“"Of 162 hospitalized COVID-19 patients surveyed (response rate 71.1%), 91 (56.2%) were unvaccinated at admission and 97% had severe COVID-19 disease. When unvaccinated patients were asked whether they would get vaccinated if they could turn time back, 64.7% replied positively; 58.4% expressed this regret upon admission and 53.9% indicated willingness to vaccinate after discharge. Most individuals regretted their decision not to receive a vaccine (66.0%), declared an intention to promote COVID-19 vaccination after discharge (64.0%), and to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in the time recommended for convalescents (69.5%). Hospitalization for severe COVID-19 produced a substantial shift in stated vaccine preference among previously unvaccinated patients, indicating strong post-outcome regret."
”
Data sumber dari
2022-08-08
Diakses
2026-05-23
Perhitungan
Ioannou et al. 2022 Infectious Disease Reports 14(4):587-596. Direct peer-reviewed regret survey of unvaccinated COVID-19 patients post-hospitalization — gold standard data point for the upper-bound regret rate among adults who skipped and then experienced severe disease. The 40% population-level action-side estimate is bounded below by this hospitalized-cohort 64.7% (because most skip-adults never experience severe disease) and above by typical baseline regret rates among skip-adults who remained healthy.
[2]Preventive Medicine — Cluster analysis of adults unvaccinated for COVID-19 based on behavioral and social factors, National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, United States
Telaah sejawat
Cluster analysis of 23,397 unvaccinated US adults from the National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module. Direct survey item: 'If I do not get a COVID-19 vaccine, I will regret it' on a 1-4 scale. The 'Reachable' cluster (the largest unvaccinated subgroup) had a mean anticipated regret score of 2.01/4, vs 1.10-1.11 in the 'Less reachable' and 'Least reachable' clusters — indicating substantial latent regret in a meaningful subset of unvaccinated adults, especially after disease exposure
Kutipan
“"We conducted a cluster analysis of 23,397 unvaccinated adult respondents to the National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module in the United States. Respondents rated agreement with the statement: 'If I do not get a COVID-19 vaccine, I will regret it / if I had not gotten a COVID-19 vaccine, I would have regretted it' on a 4-point scale (1 = do not agree, 4 = very strongly agree). Three clusters emerged. The 'Reachable' cluster (the largest unvaccinated subgroup) had a mean anticipated regret score of 2.01, substantially higher than the 'Less reachable' (1.11) and 'Least reachable' (1.10) clusters. The Reachable cluster's intermediate regret score indicates that a substantial subset of unvaccinated US adults harbor latent regret about their vaccination decision, particularly when prompted to consider the counterfactual scenario of disease exposure."
”
Data sumber dari
2023-02-01
Diakses
2026-05-24
Perhitungan
Meng et al. 2023 Preventive Medicine 167:107415. Large-N (~187k respondents, nationally representative NIS-ACM) cluster analysis of US unvaccinated adults. IMPORTANT: this item measures ANTICIPATED (prospective, hypothetical) regret on a 1–4 agreement scale — "If I do not get a COVID-19 vaccine, I will regret it" — NOT a "% who regret" after the fact. The cluster means (Reachable 2.01 vs Less/Least reachable 1.10–1.11) show that latent forward-looking regret is concentrated in the "Reachable" cluster and near-absent in the others. This is a Likert mean, not a percentage, and cannot be read directly as "40% regret." The 0.40 action-side regret_rate is therefore a triangulated PROXY (proxy_only: true), not a value any single source states: it sits below the Ioannou 2022 hospitalized severe-disease upper bound (64.7%, a non-representative subpopulation) and above the low ambient regret implied by the Less/Least-reachable Likert means among skip-adults who never experience severe disease. No nationally representative direct-regret survey of vaccine-skipping adults exists (confirmed 2026-06; the closest population data, the U-Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging, finds the leading reason for skipping is "didn't think I needed it," not subsequent regret).
Sumber: tidak bertindak
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[1]Journal of General Internal Medicine — Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Regret in the United States
Telaah sejawat
National US survey study of COVID-19 vaccine regret among recipients; the Vaccine Regret Index correlated with vaccine skepticism, partisanship (Republican identification), and history of having been required to vaccinate. The index remained stable at the population level across study waves (April-July 2024), indicating durable post-vaccination regret patterns in a meaningful minority of US recipients
Kutipan
“"We developed and validated a Vaccine Regret Index in a national US sample and examined correlates of post-vaccination regret among adults who received the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine regret correlated significantly with skepticism toward public health figures, with conspiracy-adjacent vaccine beliefs, and with Republican Party identification. Respondents who reported having been required to vaccinate (employer mandate, military, healthcare worker requirement) were substantially more likely to express regret than those who vaccinated voluntarily. In a second study wave conducted April through July 2024, the Vaccine Regret Index remained stable at the population level, indicating that vaccine regret patterns observed in the post-pandemic period have not attenuated over time."
”
Data sumber dari
2026-03-30
Diakses
2026-05-23
Perhitungan
Recent peer-reviewed study quantifying COVID-19 vaccine regret correlates. Confirms that vaccine regret is a meaningful and durable phenomenon in a minority of US recipients, concentrated in politically conservative populations and those who felt coerced. Used to support the 18% inaction-side regret estimate, which is elevated above typical adult-vaccine regret rates (5-10% for flu, shingles, HPV in non-coerced recipients) by the COVID-19-specific regret cohort.
[2]Annenberg Public Policy Center / CIDRAP coverage — Annenberg 2023 vaccine confidence survey
Sumber referensi
October 2023 Annenberg national survey (N>1,500): the share of US adults who believe approved vaccines are safe fell from 77% in April 2021 to 71% in fall 2023; the share who believe approved vaccines are unsafe rose from 9% to 16%. Among adults who received COVID-19 vaccines specifically, the regret rate varies by political alignment (5% Democrat to 57% Republican per NBC); flu and shingles vaccine regret among recipients runs at ~5-10% in non-polarized populations
Kutipan
“"A nationally representative survey fielded by the Annenberg Public Policy Center to more than 1,500 US adults October 5-12, 2023 found that the proportion of respondents who believe in the safety of approved vaccines fell from 77% in April 2021 to 71% in fall 2023, while the percentage who believe approved vaccines are unsafe rose from 9% to 16%. The pattern reflects a broader erosion of vaccine confidence in the post-pandemic period, with the largest declines concentrated in politically conservative populations. Among adults who received COVID-19 vaccines specifically, regret rates vary dramatically by political identification, while regret rates for flu, shingles, and HPV vaccines among recipients run at lower baseline levels of approximately 5-10%."
”
Data sumber dari
2023-10-12
Diakses
2026-05-23
Perhitungan
Annenberg public policy data on US vaccine confidence trends. The 18% inaction-side regret estimate blends the COVID-specific elevated regret (NBC/Generation Lab data) with the lower flu/shingles/HPV regret base rates (5-10% from this Annenberg data and parallel CDC surveys). Adult vaccines are a heterogeneous category; the entry treats the recommended set collectively.
Catatan
This entry covers the major recommended adult vaccines collectively: annual influenza, COVID-19 boosters per current ACIP guidance, recombinant zoster (shingles) for adults 50+, HPV catch-up vaccination through age 45, Tdap boosters, pneumococcal for 65+, and RSV for 60+. Regret rates for individual vaccines vary substantially — COVID-19 regret among recipients is unusually elevated by political polarization (NBC/Generation Lab 2023: 5% Democrat to 57% Republican), while flu and shingles vaccine regret among recipients runs at much lower base rates of approximately 5-10%. The 18% inaction-side estimate is therefore a weighted blend dominated by the COVID-era cohort. The action-side estimate of 40% is bounded below by the 64.7% regret rate among severely ill hospitalized unvaccinated COVID-19 patients (Ioannou et al. 2022) and above by the fact that most skip-adults never experience severe disease — most flu cases self-resolve, most adults do not develop shingles even unvaccinated, most HPV exposures clear without consequence. Population-weighted action regret therefore runs well below the hospitalized-cohort rate. The entry uses proxy_only because no nationally representative direct regret survey of vaccine-skipping adults exists across all recommended vaccines; the estimate triangulates hospitalized-cohort regret (Ioannou 2022), revealed-preference data on adult vaccination rate shifts after outbreaks, and the broader political polarization of COVID-era vaccine attitudes. The COVID-19 component of this entry is unusually politically polarized — for the underlying childhood vaccination decision (parents deciding for children, structurally different from adult self-decisions), see [[skip-childhood-vaccines-vs-follow-schedule]]. Adults with specific medical contraindications to particular vaccines (severe allergy to a vaccine component, immunocompromised status precluding live vaccines) are outside the population for which this regret asymmetry applies — that is a clinically guided decision, not the vaccine-skepticism decision the entry addresses.
