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Penyesalan bertindak vs. tidak bertindak

Berpikir panjang sebelum memutuskan vs memutuskan cepat dan melanjutkan

Jika Anda bertindak

Memutuskan dengan cepat (satisficing)

20%

Jika Anda tidak bertindak

Berpikir berlebihan (maximizing)

52%

Persentase orang yang kemudian menyesali setiap pilihan. Diagram batang dan catatan lengkap ditampilkan di bawah.


Lifestyle

Terakhir ditinjau 2026-04-26

Kualitas bukti 4.25/5

Skor tinjauan delapan dimensi terhadap rubrik kualitas . Setiap dimensi dinilai 1–5.

D1 Verifikasi sumber
5/5
D2 Otoritas & independensi sumber
4/5
D3 Akurasi tingkat penyesalan
2/5
D4 Keterbandingan sumber
5/5
D5 Pola Gilovich
5/5
D6 Kualitas prosa
5/5
D7 Kelengkapan peringatan
5/5
D8 Kualitas sampel
3/5
Rata-rata 4.25/5
Two desks side by side, one covered in sticky notes and open notebooks, the other clear with a single signed document.

Penyesalan atas tindakan

Memutuskan dengan cepat (satisficing)

20%

orang yang memuaskan-diri (satisficer) mendapat skor penyesalan-sifat lebih rendah daripada pemaksimal (maximizer) (r = .47 dengan pemaksimalan, Schwartz 2002); ~20% adalah estimasi titik-tengah turunan, bukan proporsi terukur yang menyesali suatu keputusan

Mahasiswa universitas AS dan orang dewasa, tujuh sampel kenyamanan

retrospektif, tidak ada kerangka waktu tetap

Penyesalan atas kelambanan

Berpikir berlebihan (maximizing)

52%

pemaksimalan berkorelasi r = .47 dengan penyesalan-sifat (Schwartz 2002); ~52% adalah estimasi titik-tengah turunan, bukan proporsi terukur yang menyesali suatu keputusan

Mahasiswa universitas AS dan orang dewasa, tujuh sampel kenyamanan

retrospektif, tidak ada kerangka waktu tetap

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

inaction dominates — Tidak bertindak mendominasi — sebagian besar menyesali karena tidak bertindak.

Keputusan terkait

Keputusan yang serupa secara semantik — area yang sama, kompromi yang berbeda.

lifestyle

Maksimalkan vs cukupkan

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Tindakan mendominasi

Penyesalan bertindak 3.0× lebih tinggi

lifestyle

Prokrastinasi

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 4.7× lebih tinggi

lifestyle

Minta maaf

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 2.0× lebih tinggi

lifestyle

Ikuti orang tua vs. jalur sendiri

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 3.2× lebih tinggi

lifestyle

Masturbasi vs NoFap

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 3.0× lebih tinggi

Kesehatan

Kebiasaan olahraga

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 13.4× lebih tinggi

lifestyle

Terbuka vs monogami

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 1.4× lebih tinggi

lifestyle

Pengembangan diri vs santai

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 1.5× lebih tinggi

Roughly 52% of maximizers — people who compulsively search for the best option — score above the midpoint of a validated 7-point Regret Scale, compared with approximately 20% of satisficers who decide quickly and move on. These figures are derived estimates, not direct survey responses: Schwartz et al. (2002) found, across seven samples totaling roughly 1,747 participants, a correlation of r = .47 between maximizing tendency and regret — one of the strongest individual- difference predictors of regret in the psychological literature. The study reported means on a continuous scale (full-sample mean ~3.18, SD ~0.79); the 52% and 20% values are rough estimates of the proportion in each group exceeding the scale midpoint. The paradox sharpened in Iyengar, Wells, and Schwartz’s (2006) job-search study: maximizers landed salaries 20% higher than satisficers yet reported more negative affect and less satisfaction with their outcomes. Objectively better results did not buy subjectively better feelings.

The mechanism appears to be rumination. Dey, Joormann, Moulds, and Newell (2018) experimentally showed that abstract rumination — the “why did I choose this?” mode of thinking — amplified post-decisional regret compared to concrete processing, across two studies. Maximizers default to exactly this abstract style: after choosing, they keep rejected alternatives mentally alive, cycling through counterfactual scenarios that erode satisfaction with whatever they picked. Satisficers, by contrast, close the cognitive file. They think less about roads not taken, which means fewer raw materials for regret to build on. The result is a stable pattern: more deliberation, more regret — not because the decision was worse, but because the deliberation process itself generates the regret.

The main limitation is that the regret rates above are derived proxies, not direct survey percentages. Schwartz et al. never asked a binary “do you regret?” question; we converted continuous scale scores into estimated proportions above the midpoint, a transformation that introduces substantial uncertainty. The seven samples were all convenience-recruited. The maximizer-satisficer distinction is a continuum, not a clean binary, and the regret gap narrows in the middle of the distribution. Still, the directional finding replicates across samples, cultures, and decision domains: overthinking a choice does not inoculate against regret but reliably amplifies it.

Sumber: tindakan

Buku besar klaim

Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.

1/2 sumber diverifikasi secara independen kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip

  1. [1] Journal of Personality and Social Psychology — Maximizing versus satisficing: happiness is a matter of choice Terverifikasi
    Maximizing versus satisficing: happiness is a matter of choice

    See all 2 Likelier entries citing this source →

    Statistik
    Across seven samples (n ~ 1,747), maximizing correlated r = .47 with regret on a 7-point continuous scale; satisficers scored well below the scale midpoint on regret
    Kutipan
    “"Seven samples revealed negative correlations between maximization and happiness, optimism, self-esteem, and life satisfaction, and positive correlations between maximization and depression, perfectionism, and regret." ”
    Data sumber dari
    2002-12-01
    Diakses
    2026-04-26
    Verifikasi
    Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
    Perhitungan
    Schwartz et al. (2002) reported continuous Regret Scale means and the r = .47 correlation with maximizing, NOT binary prevalence rates. The ~20% figure is our rough estimate of the proportion of bottom-tertile scorers (satisficers) who exceeded the 7-point scale midpoint, assuming approximate normality (mean ~3.18, SD ~0.79 for the full sample). This is a derived proxy, not a direct survey finding. The r = .47 correlation is the primary finding; the percentages are secondary approximations.
  2. [2] Psychological Science — Doing Better but Feeling Worse: Looking for the 'Best' Job Undermines Satisfaction
    Doing Better but Feeling Worse: Looking for the 'Best' Job Undermines Satisfaction

    See all 2 Likelier entries citing this source →

    Statistik
    Satisficers reported higher job satisfaction and less negative affect than maximizers despite obtaining lower starting salaries
    Kutipan
    “"Students with high maximizing tendencies secured jobs with 20% higher starting salaries than did students with low maximizing tendencies. However, maximizers were less satisfied than satisficers with the jobs they obtained, and experienced more negative affect throughout the job-search process." ”
    Data sumber dari
    2006-02-01
    Diakses
    2026-04-26
    Perhitungan
    Iyengar, Wells & Schwartz (2006) followed graduating students through job searches. Satisficers earned 20% less but reported less regret and more satisfaction. Provides a concrete real-world comparison: quick deciders objectively do worse on salary but subjectively feel better about their choices.

Sumber: tidak bertindak

Buku besar klaim

Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.

  1. [1] Journal of Personality and Social Psychology — Maximizing versus satisficing: happiness is a matter of choice
    Maximizing versus satisficing: happiness is a matter of choice

    See all 2 Likelier entries citing this source →

    Statistik
    Maximizers scored significantly higher on the 7-point Regret Scale (r = .47 with maximizing, p < .001); the correlation is one of the strongest individual-difference predictors of regret
    Kutipan
    “"Maximizers reported significantly more regret than satisficers. The maximizing tendency was positively correlated with regret (r = .47) and negatively correlated with happiness, optimism, self-esteem, and life satisfaction." ”
    Data sumber dari
    2002-12-01
    Diakses
    2026-04-26
    Perhitungan
    Same dataset as action side. The ~52% figure is our rough estimate of the proportion of top-tertile scorers (maximizers) who exceeded the 7-point Regret Scale midpoint. This is a derived proxy, not a direct survey percentage. The primary finding is the r = .47 correlation — one of the largest individual-difference predictors of regret in the psychological literature. The conversion to binary rates introduces substantial uncertainty.
  2. [2] Behaviour Research and Therapy — The relative effects of abstract versus concrete rumination on the experience of post-decisional regret
    The relative effects of abstract versus concrete rumination on the experience of post-decisional regret
    Statistik
    Abstract ruminators reported significantly more post-decisional regret than concrete thinkers across two studies (Study 1: n = 58; Study 2: n = 70)
    Kutipan
    “"In Study 1, participants identified a personally important decision that they regretted having made in the past 6 months, were instructed to think in either an abstract (n = 29) or concrete (n = 29) way about their decision, then rated the extent to which they regretted the decision. Participants in the abstract condition reported more regret than did participants in the concrete condition. Employing the same methodology used in Study 1, we replicated this finding in Study 2 (abstract condition: n = 34; concrete condition: n = 36)." ”
    Data sumber dari
    2018-09-01
    Diakses
    2026-04-26
    Perhitungan
    Dey, Joormann, Moulds & Newell (2018) experimentally manipulated rumination style. Abstract ruminators (the style characteristic of maximizers) reported higher post-decisional regret about a real decision they had made. Provides a causal mechanism but no binary prevalence rate.

Catatan

PENTING: Tingkat penyesalan 20% dan 52% adalah proksi turunan, bukan tanggapan survei langsung. Schwartz et al. (2002) melaporkan rata-rata skala kontinu dan korelasi r = .47 antara pemaksimalan dan penyesalan pada skala 7 poin, bukan tingkat biner "apakah Anda menyesal?" Kami memperkirakan proporsi setiap tertil yang melampaui titik-tengah skala dengan mengasumsikan normalitas perkiraan (rata-rata sampel penuh ~3,18, SD ~0,79) — konversi yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian substansial. Temuan utamanya adalah korelasi r = .47 itu sendiri, yang merupakan salah satu prediktor perbedaan-individu terkuat untuk penyesalan dalam literatur. Studi pencarian kerja Iyengar memberi perbandingan konkret paling jelas: pemaksimal menghasilkan 20% lebih banyak tetapi merasa lebih buruk tentang hasil mereka. Ketujuh sampel semuanya sampel kenyamanan, bukan representatif nasional. Studi ruminasi Dey et al. (2018) menggunakan sampel kecil (n = 58, 70) dengan ruminasi yang diinduksi secara eksperimental. Perbedaan pemaksimal-satisficer adalah kontinum sifat, bukan biner — banyak orang berada di tengah di mana selisih penyesalan menyempit. Temuan arah (pemaksimal melaporkan lebih banyak penyesalan) kokoh; persentase spesifiknya harus dibaca sebagai perkiraan kasar.

Data mentah: /api/decisions.json

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