Terus berjudi vs berhenti (di antara penjudi bermasalah dan penjudi berisiko)
Jika Anda bertindak
Terus berjudi
56%
Jika Anda tidak bertindak
Berhenti / abstinensi berkelanjutan
5,0%
Persentase orang yang kemudian menyesali setiap pilihan. Diagram batang dan catatan lengkap ditampilkan di bawah.
Keuangan
Terakhir ditinjau 2026-05-28
Kualitas bukti 4.13/5
Skor tinjauan delapan dimensi terhadap
rubrik kualitas
. Setiap dimensi dinilai 1–5.
D1 Verifikasi sumber
4/5
D2 Otoritas & independensi sumber
5/5
D3 Akurasi tingkat penyesalan
3/5
D4 Keterbandingan sumber
3/5
D5 Pola Gilovich
5/5
D6 Kualitas prosa
4/5
D7 Kelengkapan peringatan
4/5
D8 Kualitas sampel
5/5
Rata-rata4.13/5
Data proksi — tidak ada survei penyesalan langsung untuk keputusan ini. Tingkat diturunkan dari skor kepuasan dan data hambatan akses daripada pertanyaan yang langsung menanyakan tentang penyesalan. Lihat peringatan di bawah.
Penyesalan atas tindakan
Terus berjudi
56%
~56% penjudi berisiko dan bermasalah (PGSI 1+) melaporkan kerugian terhadap diri sendiri akibat melanjutkan (proksi untuk penyesalan — tidak ada survei berbingkai penyesalan langsung)
Penjudi berisiko dan bermasalah (PGSI 1+), diambil dari sampel prevalensi nasional dan pencari-perawatan
12 bulan terakhir
Penyesalan atas kelambanan
Berhenti / abstinensi berkelanjutan
5,0%
Tidak ada ukuran langsung; penyesalan-berhenti tidak terdokumentasi dalam literatur pemulihan. ~5% yang ditampilkan adalah nilai nominal mendekati batas bawah, bukan tingkat yang diukur atau diturunkan.
Penjudi bermasalah yang pulih — kohort perawatan rawat inap ditambah kohort pemulihan alami AS
tindak lanjut 12 bulan pasca-perawatan
% menyesal dengan pilihan ini
Terus berjudiBerhenti / abstinensi berkelanjutan
56%5,0%
action dominates — Bertindak mendominasi — sebagian besar menyesali karena bertindak.
Keputusan terkait
Keputusan yang serupa secara semantik — area yang sama, kompromi yang berbeda.
Among the roughly 20 million US adults flagged for problem gambling
by the National Council on Problem Gambling’s 2024 NGAGE 3.0 survey,
direct regret-about-continuing data simply does not exist. The closest
peer-reviewed proxy is harm prevalence: Tulloch and colleagues’
2024 national Australian study found that 14.7% of all
gamblers reported at least one harm-to-self on the Gambling Harms
Scale-10, concentrated in the at-risk and problem-gambler subgroups.
The same study publishes the any-harm proportion for each PGSI band:
38.04% of low-risk, 75.78% of moderate-risk, and 96.40% of
problem gamblers. Weighted across the at-risk-and-problem (PGSI 1+)
population this entry targets, those bands combine to about 56% —
not the near-universal rate that holds only within the smallest,
problem-gambling group. We treat ~56% as the implied action-regret
rate for problem and at-risk gamblers, acknowledging that harm is not
synonymous with regret.
On the other side, the literature on quitting is striking for what is
missing. The Schuler et al. 2016 scoping review of Gamblers Anonymous
outcomes — covering 22 studies and 4 RCTs spanning six decades —
identifies no study in which regret-about-quitting emerges as a
meaningful outcome theme among sustained abstainers. Müller et al.’s
2017 German multicentre follow-up (N = 270) reports that the 41.6% who
maintained 12-month abstinence showed the lowest psychopathology and
significant personality improvements: decreased neuroticism, increased
extraversion and conscientiousness. Neither Müller et al. nor the
Schuler review reports any quality-of-life, dissatisfaction, or regret
figure for abstainers, so there is no measured or derivable quit-regret
rate — the ~5% shown for quitting is a nominal near-floor placeholder
standing in for “undocumented and apparently rare,” not a proxy
calculation. The direction is consistent across every recovery study
identified.
The 58.4% in Müller’s cohort who either kept meeting gambling-disorder
criteria or returned to sub-clinical gambling are NOT counted as quit-
regret here. Relapse is a clinical event in a chronic-remitting
condition; it reflects craving, situational triggers, and treatment
adherence, not an expressed preference for the pre-quit state.
Conflating relapse with regret would inflate the inaction-side figure
by an order of magnitude on definitionally shaky grounds. The Slutske
2006 NESARC analysis adds a complementary signal: ~36–39% of lifetime
pathological gamblers were in natural recovery (no past-year
symptoms) without ever attending GA or formal treatment — recovery
that sticks without external support is hard to reconcile with
significant retrospective regret about having stopped.
The Gilovich pattern here is unambiguously action-dominated, and that
matches the broader temporal-regret literature: short-horizon
behavioural decisions where the action carries ongoing harm tend to
generate action-regret that outpaces inaction-regret by wide margins.
Where this entry diverges from the cleaner cases (alcohol, smoking) is
the proxy depth on both sides — the action rate is a harm proxy, the
inaction value is a placeholder, and the absence of a quit-regret
literature is itself the strongest argument that the phenomenon is rare
rather than well-characterised. A reader at PGSI 1+ should read the gap
between the two sides as “every available signal points the same way,”
not as a precise calibration of personal odds.
Sumber: tindakan
Buku besar klaim
Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.
1/3 sumber diverifikasi secara independen kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip
[1]International Gambling Studies / Tulloch, Hing, Browne, Russell, Rockloff & Rawat — Harm-to-self from gambling: A national study of Australian adults
Telaah sejawat
14.7% of Australian gamblers reported any harm-to-self on the Gambling Harms Scale-10 overall. By PGSI category, the proportion reporting any (1+) harm was 5.12% (Non-Problem), 38.04% (Low-Risk), 75.78% (Moderate-Risk), and 96.40% (Problem gambling).
Kutipan
“"14.7% of gamblers reported harm on the GHS-10" overall, with low harm 9.31%, moderate 3.50%, and high-level harm 1.91% of gamblers. The proportion reporting 1+ harms by PGSI group was 5.12% (Non-Problem), 38.04% (Low-Risk), 75.78% (Moderate-Risk), and 96.40% (Problem gambling).
”
Data sumber dari
2024-07-01
Diakses
2026-05-28
Perhitungan
Random-digit-dialling mobile survey; past-year gamblers analysed N = 5,254, weighted to ABS population figures. The 14.7% figure is for ALL gamblers. This entry's population is at-risk and problem gamblers (PGSI 1+), so the action-side rate is derived from the study's stated per-PGSI any-harm proportions weighted by the study's own PGSI-group sample sizes (Table 1): Low-Risk 38.04% of n=592, Moderate-Risk 75.78% of n=301, Problem 96.40% of n=113. Harmed = 225 + 228 + 109 = 562 of 1,006 PGSI-1+ gamblers = 55.9%, rounded to ~56%. (The earlier 85% figure was invalid: it applied the Problem-gambling-only rate of 96.4% to the whole PGSI-1+ group, ignoring the far-larger Low-Risk group at 38%. The prior "14.7% / ~17% prevalence" shortcut is not a valid derivation.) Harm is a proxy for regret, not a direct regret measure — see proxy_only flag and caveats.
[2]American Journal of Psychiatry / Slutske — Natural Recovery and Treatment-Seeking in Pathological Gambling: Results of Two U.S. National Surveys
Telaah sejawat
Among NESARC respondents with lifetime pathological gambling (n=185), only 7-12% had ever sought formal treatment or attended Gamblers Anonymous, yet 36-39% had no past-year gambling problems — implying the bulk of harm is borne silently by those still gambling.
Kutipan
“"About one-third of the individuals with pathological gambling disorder in these two nationally representative U.S. samples were characterized by natural recovery... 36%–39% did not experience any gambling-related problems in the past year, even though only 7%–12% had ever sought either formal treatment or attended meetings of Gamblers Anonymous."
”
Data sumber dari
2006-02-01
Diakses
2026-05-28
Perhitungan
NESARC sample, N = 43,093 adults; 185 with lifetime DSM-IV pathological gambling. The implication for action-side regret: roughly 60% of lifetime pathological gamblers still met criteria in the past year, and the vast majority (~88-93%) never sought help. Treatment-seeking is itself a strong proxy for regret about continuing — yet most problem gamblers continue without seeking help, suggesting either denial, shame, or sub-clinical ambivalence rather than absence of regret. We do not use the treatment-seeking rate (7-12%) as the regret rate because it underestimates regret-without-action; we use the harm-prevalence- among-PGSI-1+ figure (~56%, weighted across PGSI categories from Tulloch et al.) instead. This source corroborates the direction — most problem gamblers continue and bear harm silently — but does not itself set the action-side magnitude.
[3]National Council on Problem Gambling / Ipsos — National Council on Problem Gambling Survey Shows Drop in Problem Gambling Risk, Highlights Ongoing Challenges (NGAGE 3.0)
Terverifikasi
Sumber referensi
Nearly 20 million US adults (~7.6% of the adult population) report at least one problematic gambling behavior 'many times' in the past year (NGAGE 3.0, 2024).
Kutipan
“"Nearly 20 million American adults report experiencing at least one problematic gambling behavior 'many times' in the past year."
”
Data sumber dari
2024-09-12
Diakses
2026-05-28
Verifikasi
Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
Perhitungan
Ipsos/NCPG NGAGE 3.0 survey, N > 3,000 US adults, fielded January- March 2024, methodology consistent with 2018 and 2021 waves. This is the denominator anchor: the ~20 million figure defines the population for whom action-side regret applies. NGAGE does not publish a direct regret-framed item, hence proxy_only:true.
Sumber: tidak bertindak
Buku besar klaim
Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.
2/2 sumber diverifikasi secara independen kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip
[1]European Psychiatry / Müller, Wölfling, Dickenhorst, Beutel, Medenwaldt & Koch — Recovery, relapse, or else? Treatment outcomes in gambling disorder from a multicenter follow-up study
Terverifikasi
Telaah sejawat
At 12-month follow-up, 41.6% maintained full abstinence; abstinent subjects showed the lowest psychopathology and significant personality improvements (decreased neuroticism, increased extraversion and conscientiousness).
Kutipan
“"Abstinent subjects showed the lowest psychopathology, and significant decreases in neuroticism with increases in extraversion and conscientiousness were found among abstinent subjects but not in patients still meeting criteria for gambling disorder."
”
Data sumber dari
2017-04-01
Diakses
2026-05-28
Verifikasi
Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
Perhitungan
Multicenter German inpatient cohort, N = 270, 12-month follow-up. Of those who maintained abstinence (41.6%), the paper reports improved psychopathology and personality (lowest psychopathology, decreased neuroticism, increased extraversion and conscientiousness) — it does NOT report any quality-of-life, satisfaction, or regret figure for abstainers, and contains no "poor quality-of-life subgroup" statistic. There is therefore no source-stated number for regret-about-quitting; the displayed ~5% is a nominal near-floor placeholder reflecting the documented ABSENCE of a regret signal, not a derived rate. Relapse (58.4% who either kept meeting criteria or kept gambling sub-clinically) is NOT counted as quit-regret here — relapse is a clinical event, not an expressed preference for the pre-quitting state. No published survey directly measures regret about quitting among recovered gamblers.
[2]Journal of Gambling Studies / Schuler, Ferentzy, Turner, Skinner, McIsaac, Ziegler & Matheson — Gamblers Anonymous as a Recovery Pathway: A Scoping Review
Terverifikasi
Telaah sejawat
Across the GA literature, post-quit life satisfaction is consistently positive; regret about quitting is not a documented theme in any peer-reviewed GA outcome study identified by this scoping review.
Kutipan
“"An emphasis on patience, using the Serenity Prayer as a way to gain acceptance of financial matters and reality, and absolute assertion of identity as a 'compulsive gambler' were identified as important aspects of GA's recovery culture."
”
Data sumber dari
2016-11-09
Diakses
2026-05-28
Verifikasi
Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
Perhitungan
Scoping review of 22 GA-relevant studies (1957-2015), including 4 RCTs. The reviewers did not identify any study reporting regret-about-quitting as a meaningful outcome among sustained abstainers. The dominant theme is identity reconstruction around the 'compulsive gambler' label — an identity that, once adopted, makes regret-about-quitting structurally unlikely. Combined with Müller et al.'s 41.6% sustained-abstinence cohort showing improved psychopathology, this supports treating quit-regret as rare: the absence of regret evidence is itself a signal of low prevalence, though not a measurement. It supplies no numeric rate, so the displayed inaction figure remains a nominal near-floor placeholder rather than a derived estimate.
Catatan
Kedua sisi mengandalkan proksi, dan seberapa baik keduanya berlandaskan tidaklah simetris. Tidak ada survei yang dipublikasikan secara langsung bertanya kepada penjudi bermasalah "apakah Anda menyesal terus berjudi?" atau bertanya kepada penjudi yang pulih "apakah Anda menyesal berhenti?" Angka ~56% sisi tindakan dihitung dari proporsi kerugian-apa-pun per kategori PGSI yang dilaporkan Tulloch dkk. (Risiko-Rendah 38,04%, Risiko-Sedang 75,78%, Bermasalah 96,40%) yang dibobot dengan ukuran sampel kelompok PGSI dalam studi itu sendiri, dalam populasi PGSI 1+ yang menjadi target entri ini — kerugian-saat-melanjutkan digunakan sebagai analog perilaku terdekat dengan penyesalan. (Versi sebelumnya menampilkan 85%, yang keliru menerapkan tingkat 96% yang hanya berlaku bagi penjudi bermasalah ke seluruh kelompok berisiko-dan-bermasalah, dan tidak didukung oleh sumber.) Sisi tidak-bertindak TIDAK memiliki tingkat yang diukur atau dapat diturunkan: baik Müller dkk. maupun tinjauan pelingkupan Schuler tidak melaporkan angka apa pun tentang kualitas hidup, ketidakpuasan, atau penyesalan di antara abstainer, dan penyesalan-berhenti bukanlah tema yang terdokumentasi dalam literatur pemulihan. ~5% yang ditampilkan untuk berhenti adalah nilai nominal mendekati batas bawah yang mewakili "tidak terdokumentasi / tampaknya langka", bukan pengukuran. Ketidakcocokan konstruksi adalah ketidakpastian dominan di sini: kerugian bukanlah penyesalan (beberapa penjudi mengalami kerugian tetapi merasionalisasi melanjutkan sebagai layak), dan perbaikan klinis bukanlah ketiadaan penyesalan (beberapa abstainer mungkin menyesali berhenti dalam diam). Arahnya — penyesalan-tindakan jauh melampaui penyesalan-tidak-bertindak — kuat: setiap studi hasil perawatan dan kerugian menunjuk ke arah yang sama. Besaran tepatnya tidak: sisi tindakan adalah proksi dan nilai sisi tidak-bertindak adalah placeholder, sehingga kesenjangan di antara keduanya harus dibaca sebagai "setiap sinyal yang tersedia menunjuk ke arah yang sama", bukan sebagai pembagian yang terkalibrasi.
