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Penyesalan bertindak vs. tidak bertindak

Mengizinkan donasi organ anggota keluarga yang meninggal vs. menolak

Jika Anda bertindak

Menyetujui donasi organ

4,0%

Jika Anda tidak bertindak

Menolak menyetujui donasi organ

27%

Persentase orang yang kemudian menyesali setiap pilihan. Diagram batang dan catatan lengkap ditampilkan di bawah.


Family

Terakhir ditinjau 2026-05-13

Kualitas bukti 4.25/5

Skor tinjauan delapan dimensi terhadap rubrik kualitas . Setiap dimensi dinilai 1–5.

D1 Verifikasi sumber
3/5
D2 Otoritas & independensi sumber
4/5
D3 Akurasi tingkat penyesalan
4/5
D4 Keterbandingan sumber
5/5
D5 Pola Gilovich
5/5
D6 Kualitas prosa
5/5
D7 Kelengkapan peringatan
5/5
D8 Kualitas sampel
3/5
Rata-rata 4.25/5
Bukti langsung
A hospital donor registration card on the left and a closed folder on the right, on a quiet table.

Penyesalan atas tindakan

Menyetujui donasi organ

4,0%

4% keluarga terdekat yang menyetujui tidak akan menyetujui lagi jika mereka bisa memutuskan ulang

Kerabat terdekat yang menyetujui donasi organ, Belanda

tindak lanjut longitudinal, 1-4 tahun pasca-keputusan

Penyesalan atas kelambanan

Menolak menyetujui donasi organ

27%

27% keluarga yang menolak donasi kini akan menyetujui jika mereka bisa memutuskan ulang

Kerabat terdekat yang menolak persetujuan donasi organ, Belanda

tindak lanjut longitudinal, 1-4 tahun pasca-keputusan

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

inaction dominates — Tidak bertindak mendominasi — sebagian besar menyesali karena tidak bertindak.

Keputusan terkait

Keputusan yang serupa secara semantik — area yang sama, kompromi yang berbeda.

family

Panti jompo vs. rawat di rumah

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Tindakan mendominasi

Penyesalan bertindak 2.3× lebih tinggi

Kesehatan

Waktu arahan awal

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 10.0× lebih tinggi

Kesehatan

MAID vs. hospis

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 5.0× lebih tinggi

Kesehatan

Intervensi rehabilitasi vs. menunggu

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 1.8× lebih tinggi

family

Keterasingan keluarga

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Ketidakaktifan mendominasi

Penyesalan tidak bertindak 3.4× lebih tinggi

family

Di rumah vs bekerja

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Tindakan mendominasi

Penyesalan bertindak 1.3× lebih tinggi

family

Adopsi vs. besarkan sendiri

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Tindakan mendominasi

Penyesalan bertindak 4.8× lebih tinggi

family

Perwalian penuh vs. pengambilan keputusan didukung

% menyesal dengan pilihan ini

Seimbang

Hampir seimbang

Among 147 next-of-kin who consented to organ donation, 4% said they would not consent if they could decide again, according to Rodrigue, Cornell and Howard’s US interview study of 285 next-of-kin (Am J Transplant, 2008). The overwhelming majority — 94% — said they would make the same decision, with 2% unsure. UNOS data record that US deceased organ donors first exceeded 10,000 in 2017 (10,281 donors), so tens of thousands of next-of-kin now face this decision each year, typically under acute clinical time pressure with limited opportunity for deliberation. The constrained decision environment contributes to post-hoc doubt independent of the direction of the choice, but on the consent side that doubt is rare.

Refusal proved far less stable: of the 138 next-of-kin who declined donation, 27% said they would now consent if they could decide over, while only 64% would refuse again and 9% were unsure. A 2021 Singapore national survey (BMJ Open, n=973) helps explain the mechanism: 68.1% of respondents were willing to donate their own organs but only 51.8% would consent for a relative — a roughly 16-point gap showing that people apply a higher bar to a relative’s body than to their own. When that hesitation later meets evidence of donation’s value, the refusal becomes the decision people most often wish they could take back.

Under Gilovich and Medvec’s temporal model, inaction typically generates more durable long-term regret, and the gap here — 27% of refusers reversing versus 4% of consenters — is consistent with that pattern. The caveat is that both rates come from a single US study that measured decision instability (would you decide the same way again) rather than a validated regret scale, and from a one-time interview rather than a multi-year trajectory. The robust signal is the asymmetry: refusing is reversed roughly seven times as often as consenting. The precise percentages should be read as directional, not as population norms.

Sumber: tindakan

Buku besar klaim

Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.

2/2 sumber diverifikasi secara independen kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip

  1. [1] American Journal of Transplantation — The instability of organ donation decisions by next-of-kin and factors that predict it Terverifikasi
    The instability of organ donation decisions by next-of-kin and factors that predict it
    Statistik
    Of 147 next-of-kin who consented to donation, 6 (4%) said they would not consent again, 138 (94%) would make the same decision, and 3 (2%) were unsure
    Kutipan
    “"Of the 147 next-of-kin donors, 138 (94%) would make the same decision again, 6 (4%) would not consent to donation and 3 (2%) were unsure." ”
    Data sumber dari
    2008-12-01
    Diakses
    2026-06-30
    Verifikasi
    Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
    Perhitungan
    Rodrigue JR, Cornell DL, Howard RJ (2008), Am J Transplant 8(12):2661-7, PMID 18853951. US interview study of 285 next-of-kin (147 donors, 138 nondonors). Decision instability is the directly measured construct: among consenters, 6/147 = 4% would not consent if they could decide again. Used directly as the action-side regret_rate of 0.04. Replaces a prior citation (PMID 21902727, Jansen/van Leiden Dutch consent-rate study) that measured family CONSENT RATES, not consenter regret, and did not support the previously stated 10% figure.
  2. [2] United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) — Deceased organ donors in United States exceeded 10,000 for first time in 2017 Terverifikasi
    Deceased organ donors in United States exceeded 10,000 for first time in 2017
    Statistik
    In 2017 US deceased organ donors first exceeded 10,000 (10,281 donors), so tens of thousands of next-of-kin face the donation decision each year
    Kutipan
    “"During 2017, the number of deceased organ donors in the United States topped 10,000 for the first time, according to preliminary data from United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), which serves as the national Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) under federal contract. For the year, organs were recovered from 10,281 donors, representing a 3.1 percent increase over 2016 and an increase of 27 percent since 2007." ”
    Data sumber dari
    2018-01-09
    Diakses
    2026-07-01
    Verifikasi
    Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
    Perhitungan
    UNOS news release (Jan 9, 2018) on national deceased-donor volume. Used as population-scale context: the number of realized deceased donors first exceeded 10,000 in 2017 (10,281). Because only a fraction of approached next-of-kin consent, the number of families who actually face the donation decision each year is even larger than the donor count. This source establishes US scale only and does not provide a regret rate; the regret figures come from Rodrigue et al. (2008). Replaces a prior citation (unos.org/data/transplant-trends dashboard) whose verbatim excerpt about "~10,000 families approached ... under significant time pressure" did not appear on that page and could not be verified as UNOS text.

Sumber: tidak bertindak

Buku besar klaim

Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.

1/2 sumber diverifikasi secara independen kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip

  1. [1] American Journal of Transplantation — The instability of organ donation decisions by next-of-kin and factors that predict it
    The instability of organ donation decisions by next-of-kin and factors that predict it
    Statistik
    Of 138 next-of-kin who refused donation, 37 (27%) said they would now consent, 89 (64%) would make the same decision, and 12 (9%) were unsure
    Kutipan
    “"Of the 138 next-of-kin nondonors, 89 (64%) would make the same decision again, 37 (27%) would consent to donation and 12 (9%) were unsure." ”
    Data sumber dari
    2008-12-01
    Diakses
    2026-06-30
    Perhitungan
    Rodrigue JR, Cornell DL, Howard RJ (2008), Am J Transplant 8(12):2661-7, PMID 18853951. US interview study of 285 next-of-kin (147 donors, 138 nondonors). Decision instability is the directly measured construct: among refusers, 37/138 = 27% would now consent if they could decide again. Used directly as the inaction-side regret_rate of 0.27. Refusers reverse their decision far more often than consenters (27% vs 4%), the inaction-dominates regret asymmetry. Replaces a prior citation (PMID 21902727, Jansen/van Leiden Dutch consent-rate study) that measured family CONSENT RATES, not refuser regret, and did not support the prior 28% figure.
  2. [2] BMJ Open (PubMed Central) — Comparing organ donation decisions for next-of-kin versus the self: results of a national survey Terverifikasi
    Comparing organ donation decisions for next-of-kin versus the self: results of a national survey
    Statistik
    68.1% willing to donate their own organs vs. only 51.8% willing to donate a relative's organs
    Kutipan
    “"Although 68.1% of participants were willing to donate their own organs, only 51.8% were willing to donate a relative's organs." ”
    Data sumber dari
    2021-11-01
    Diakses
    2026-06-30
    Verifikasi
    Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
    Perhitungan
    Liu et al. (2021), BMJ Open, Singapore national survey n=973 adults. Cross-sectional survey comparing hypothetical willingness to donate one's own organs versus a family member's: 68.1% own vs 51.8% relative. This willingness gap illustrates that next-of-kin systematically apply a higher bar to a relative's body than to their own -- a structural driver of refusal -- but the study measures stated intention, not post-decision regret, so it supplies corroborating context only, not a standalone regret rate. Corrected: removed a previously stated "16.1% would refuse a registered donor's wish" clause that does not appear in this paper.

Catatan

Kedua tingkat penyesalan berasal dari satu studi wawancara di AS (Rodrigue dkk. 2008, N=285 keluarga terdekat) yang mengukur ketidakstabilan keputusan -- apakah kerabat akan membuat pilihan yang sama jika bisa memutuskan lagi -- alih-alih skala penyesalan yang tervalidasi, sehingga angka-angka tersebut mengindeks pembalikan keputusan, sebuah konstruk yang dekat namun tidak identik. Hasil dapat berbeda dalam sistem opt-out (Spanyol, Wales, Prancis) di mana donasi menjadi ketentuan hukum standar dan penolakan memerlukan pilihan aktif. Wawancara dilakukan sekali setelah keputusan donasi; ini bukan lintasan penyesalan longitudinal bertahun-tahun, dan asimetri (penolak membalikkan keputusan jauh lebih sering daripada yang menyetujui) merupakan sinyal yang kokoh, bukan persentase yang presisi. Keputusan ini sering dibuat di bawah tekanan waktu yang akut dalam lingkungan rumah sakit, dengan kesempatan terbatas untuk berdeliberasi -- konteks prosedural yang membentuk penyesalan secara independen dari pilihan substantif. Data UNOS dan survei kesediaan Singapura menyediakan konteks skala dan mekanisme tetapi bukan tingkat penyesalan itu sendiri.

Data mentah: /api/decisions.json

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