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行動 vs. 不行動の後悔

十代の子どもに監督下でのアルコールアクセスを許可する vs 厳格な禁止

行動した場合

監督・管理されたアルコールアクセス

36%

行動しなかった場合

厳格な禁止(親によるアルコール提供なし)

21%

それぞれの選択を後で後悔した人の割合。バーと完全な記録は下に表示されます。


家族

最終確認 2026-05-22

証拠の質 4.5/5

8次元のレビュー評価。基準は 品質ルーブリック 。各次元は1〜5で評価。

D1 出典の検証
5/5
D2 出典の権威性と独立性
5/5
D3 後悔率の正確性
2/5
D4 出典の比較可能性
4/5
D5 ギロヴィッチ・パターン
5/5
D6 文章の質
5/5
D7 注意事項の完全性
5/5
D8 サンプルの質
5/5
平均 4.5/5
A wine glass with a small pour on the left and a locked cabinet on the right
代替データ — この決断に関する直接的な後悔調査は存在しません。比率は後悔を直接尋ねる質問ではなく、満足度スコアとアクセス障壁のデータから導出されています。以下の注意事項を参照してください。

行動への後悔

監督・管理されたアルコールアクセス

36%

成人監督下でアルコールアクセスを与えられた青少年の36%が9学年までに有害なアルコールの結果を経験(親の後悔の子供害プロキシ)

ビクトリア州、オーストラリア(寛容な規範コンテキスト)の中等学校生徒、7学年から追跡

3年前向きコホート; 7-9学年(年齢約12-15歳)

不作為への後悔

厳格な禁止(親によるアルコール提供なし)

21%

厳格な禁止政策コンテキスト(ワシントン州)の青少年の21%が9学年までに有害なアルコールの結果を経験(結果害プロキシ)

ワシントン州(禁止規範コンテキスト)の中等学校生徒、7学年から追跡

3年前向きコホート; 7-9学年(年齢約12-15歳)

この選択を後悔した割合

action dominates — 行動が優勢 — 多くは行動したことを後悔しています。

関連する決断

意味的に類似する決断 — 同じ領域、異なるトレードオフ。

family

自由放任 vs. 過保護な子育て

この選択を後悔した割合

行動が優勢

行動の後悔が2.3倍高い

family

養子縁組 vs. 自ら育てる

この選択を後悔した割合

行動が優勢

行動の後悔が4.8倍高い

family直接

子どものSNSアカウントへのアクセス

この選択を後悔した割合

行動が優勢

行動の後悔が5.4倍高い

family

子供を持つ

この選択を後悔した割合

均衡

ほぼ均衡

family

性教育のタイミング

この選択を後悔した割合

不作為が優勢

不作為の後悔が3.5倍高い

family

しつけ vs. 寛容

この選択を後悔した割合

不作為が優勢

不作為の後悔が2.4倍高い

family

厳格 vs. 穏やかなしつけ

この選択を後悔した割合

行動が優勢

行動の後悔が1.2倍高い

family

私立 vs 公立

この選択を後悔した割合

不作為が優勢

不作為の後悔が3.2倍高い

The intuition behind supervised teen drinking is plausible on its surface: introducing alcohol at home, in controlled amounts, might satisfy curiosity and teach moderation before peer pressure enters the picture. The data from three decades of prospective cohort research does not support this narrative. The Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study (APSALS), which followed 1,927 families from grades 7 through 12, found that adolescents who received alcohol exclusively from their parents had 2.58 times the odds of binge drinking, 2.53 times the odds of alcohol-related harm, and 2.51 times the odds of alcohol use disorder symptoms compared to adolescents who received no alcohol from any source (Mattick et al., Lancet Public Health, 2018). Critically, those supplied only by parents were twice as likely to begin accessing alcohol from other sources the following year — the supervised exposure did not contain the behaviour, it accelerated it.

The cross-jurisdictional comparison by Smolkowski and colleagues (2011) is particularly useful for this decision frame because it provides directly comparable child-harm rates across two policy environments that map onto parental approaches. In Victoria, Australia — where supervised home drinking was normative and two-thirds of students reported it by grade 8 — 36% of students experienced harmful alcohol consequences by grade 9. In Washington State, where zero-tolerance norms prevailed and only 35% reported supervised drinking, the rate was 21%. The gap is not merely cultural: the same study found that adult-supervised drinking settings were associated with higher harmful-consequence rates within both populations. A meta-analysis pooling 7 prospective studies across Sweden, the USA, the Netherlands, and Australia found a pooled odds ratio of 2.00 (95% CI 1.72–2.32) for risky drinking among adolescents supplied alcohol by parents versus those not supplied (Mattick et al., IJERPH, 2017).

Under Gilovich and Medvec’s temporal regret framework, actions generate more intense short-term regret when their consequences materialise quickly — and parental alcohol supply consequences tend to appear within one to three years. The action-dominates pattern is consistent with the evidence: parents who gave supervised access and watched their child develop problem drinking have a clear counterfactual (I could have said no) that is cognitively vivid. Parents who maintained strict prohibition and worry their child drinks covertly face a murkier counterfactual. The proxy gap between 36% and 21% represents a 15-point differential in immediate child harm, not a direct bilateral regret survey. Both sides carry real uncertainty: a minority of prohibition-context adolescents become drinkers anyway, and a minority of supervised-access adolescents show no problem trajectory. The evidence does not justify categorical certainty in either direction — it justifies noting that, on average, the supervised-access route produced more measurable harm.

出典: 行動

根拠台帳

以下の各数値は各出典が報告した内容であり、引用した原文の抜粋と算出方法を記載しています。リンクをクリックして直接確認できます。

2/3 件の出典が引用元と一字一句一致することを独立して検証済み

  1. [1] Prevention Science (PMC) — Influence of Family Factors and Supervised Alcohol Use on Adolescent Alcohol Use and Harms: Similarities Between Youth in Different Alcohol Policy Contexts 検証済み
    Influence of Family Factors and Supervised Alcohol Use on Adolescent Alcohol Use and Harms: Similarities Between Youth in Different Alcohol Policy Contexts
    統計値
    36% of Victoria (supervised-drinking context) students experienced any harmful alcohol consequence by grade 9; adult-supervised settings for alcohol use were associated with higher levels of harmful alcohol consequences
    抜粋
    “"Adult-supervised settings for alcohol use were associated with higher levels of harmful alcohol consequences," contrary to harm-minimization policy predictions. The relationship between supervised drinking and increased harms held true across both jurisdictions. ”
    出典データ
    2011-04-19
    アクセス日
    2026-05-22
    検証
    グラウンディング監査の際、抜粋を引用元から独立して再取得し、原文と一字一句一致することを確認しました。
    計算過程
    Smolkowski et al. (2011), Prevention Science 12(3):250–263. Prospective cohort of 1,945 grade-7 students (989 females) from Washington State and Victoria, Australia; analysis sample 1,888. Victoria students—where parental supervised drinking was normative and common (66% reported supervised drinking by grade 8)—experienced a 36% rate of harmful alcohol consequences by grade 9. This covers eight harms: blackouts, injuries, loss of control, and violent behaviour. Used here as the action-side regret proxy: parental decision to allow supervised access is judged by whether the child suffered measurable alcohol-related harm within 3 years. No large-scale survey directly asks parents whether they regret giving supervised access.
  2. [2] The Lancet Public Health — Association of parental supply of alcohol with adolescent drinking, alcohol-related harms, and alcohol use disorder symptoms: a prospective cohort study
    Association of parental supply of alcohol with adolescent drinking, alcohol-related harms, and alcohol use disorder symptoms: a prospective cohort study
    統計値
    Adolescents receiving alcohol exclusively from parents had OR 2.58 (95% CI 1.96–3.41) for binge drinking, OR 2.53 (1.99–3.24) for alcohol-related harm, and OR 2.51 (1.46–4.29) for AUD symptoms vs no supply
    抜粋
    “"Providing alcohol to children is associated with alcohol-related harms" with no protective effect demonstrated. Parental supply only was associated with significantly elevated odds of binge drinking (OR 2.58), alcohol-related harm (OR 2.53), and alcohol use disorder symptoms (OR 2.51) compared to no supply from any source. ”
    出典データ
    2018-02-01
    アクセス日
    2026-05-22
    計算過程
    Mattick et al. (2018), Lancet Public Health 3(2):e64–e71. APSALS cohort, n=1,927 families, grades 7–12, Sydney/Perth/Hobart, 2010–2016. Adjusted odds ratios compare parental-supply-only group vs no-supply group controlling for multiple confounders. These ORs corroborate the Smolkowski harm-rate figure as the primary proxy. The OR 2.53 for alcohol-related harm among parental-supply recipients is directionally consistent with the 36% vs 21% raw rates across jurisdictions in Smolkowski.
  3. [3] UNSW Sydney / National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre — The Lancet Public Health: Parental provision of alcohol to teenagers does not reduce risks, compared to no supply 検証済み
    The Lancet Public Health: Parental provision of alcohol to teenagers does not reduce risks, compared to no supply
    統計値
    Teenagers supplied alcohol by only their parents in one year were twice as likely to access alcohol from other sources (e.g. friends) the following year, compared with teenagers given no alcohol at all.
    抜粋
    “"Importantly, teenagers supplied with alcohol by only their parents one year were twice as likely to access alcohol from other sources the next year." ”
    出典データ
    2018-01-01
    アクセス日
    2026-07-03
    検証
    グラウンディング監査の際、抜粋を引用元から独立して再取得し、原文と一字一句一致することを確認しました。
    計算過程
    UNSW/NDARC media release accompanying the Mattick et al. (2018) Lancet Public Health APSALS paper cited directly above (same cohort, n=1,927 families). Confirms the body-text "cross-over" claim: parental-only supply in a given year predicted a higher rate of subsequently sourcing alcohol from non-parental channels the following year — i.e. supervised access did not substitute for or delay access via other sources.

出典: 不作為

根拠台帳

以下の各数値は各出典が報告した内容であり、引用した原文の抜粋と算出方法を記載しています。リンクをクリックして直接確認できます。

  1. [1] Prevention Science (PMC) — Influence of Family Factors and Supervised Alcohol Use on Adolescent Alcohol Use and Harms: Similarities Between Youth in Different Alcohol Policy Contexts
    Influence of Family Factors and Supervised Alcohol Use on Adolescent Alcohol Use and Harms: Similarities Between Youth in Different Alcohol Policy Contexts
    統計値
    21% of Washington State (prohibition context) students experienced any harmful alcohol consequence by grade 9; lower than the 36% rate in the Victoria (supervised drinking) context
    抜粋
    “"Adult-supervised settings for alcohol use were associated with higher levels of harmful alcohol consequences," contrary to harm-minimization policy predictions. Washington State students—in a zero-tolerance context—experienced 21% harmful consequences vs Victoria's 36%. ”
    出典データ
    2011-04-19
    アクセス日
    2026-05-22
    計算過程
    Same Smolkowski et al. (2011) cohort, Washington State subsample (n=874 of 1,888 total). Washington State enforces strict zero-tolerance underage alcohol laws; parental supervised drinking was reported by only 35% of students by grade 8 vs 66% in Victoria. The 21% harm rate in the prohibition-norm context is the inaction-side proxy: parents who maintained prohibition saw lower rates of immediate alcohol-related harm in their children.
  2. [2] International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (PMC) — Parental Supply of Alcohol in Childhood and Risky Drinking in Adolescence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Parental Supply of Alcohol in Childhood and Risky Drinking in Adolescence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    統計値
    Pooled OR 2.00 (95% CI 1.72–2.32): parental supply of alcohol associated with twice the odds of subsequent risky drinking across 7 prospective studies
    抜粋
    “"Parental supply of alcohol in childhood is associated with an increased likelihood of risky drinking later in adolescence." Pooled OR 2.00 (95% CI 1.72–2.32) across 6 studies with 8 effect estimates from Sweden, USA, Netherlands, Australia. ”
    出典データ
    2017-03-01
    アクセス日
    2026-05-22
    計算過程
    Mattick et al. (2017), Int J Environ Res Public Health 14(3):287. Meta-analysis of 7 prospective longitudinal studies (6 in the pooled OR), sample sizes 428–2,625. The pooled OR 2.00 supports the no-supply (prohibition) inaction side as having roughly half the downstream risky drinking risk. The review notes methodological heterogeneity and cautious causal inference, consistent with the proxy-only framing of this entry.

注意事項

両側とも親の後悔のプロキシとして子供害率を使用しており、親がアルコール供給決定を後悔しているかを尋ねる直接調査ではない。監督されたアクセスと禁止されたアクセスについて親が報告した後悔を前向きに追跡した大規模研究はない。ビクトリア(行動プロキシ)とワシントン州(不作為プロキシ)のサンプルは異なる文化的・政策的環境から来ているため、36%対21%の比較は単に育児決定だけでなく政策コンテキストを部分的に反映する。Mattick et al. (2018) APSALS のオッズ比、および Mattick et al. (2017) メタ分析 OR 2.00 は効果の方向を裏付けるが、親の後悔尺度ではない。すべての研究は観察的である; 家族の飲酒文化、社会経済的地位、子供の気質による残余交絡は妥当である。後悔の枠組みはまた、子供害が直接親の後悔にマップされると仮定する; 監督アクセスグループの一部の親は子供の飲酒を自分が引き起こした害と見なさない可能性があり、一部の禁止親は子供が問題を発症しなかった場合でも制限的すぎたことを後悔する可能性がある。15ポイントのギャップは精密な双方向後悔差ではなく、効果の方向として解釈すべきである。

生データ: /api/decisions.json

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