Porcentagem de quem mais tarde se arrepende de cada escolha. As barras e o registro completo aparecem abaixo.
Família
Última revisão 2026-05-04
Qualidade das evidências 4.38/5
Pontuação de revisão em oito dimensões segundo a
grelha de qualidade
. Cada dimensão pontuada de 1 a 5.
D1 Verificação das fontes
5/5
D2 Autoridade e independência das fontes
4/5
D3 Precisão da taxa de arrependimento
3/5
D4 Comparabilidade das fontes
3/5
D5 Padrão de Gilovich
5/5
D6 Qualidade da prosa
5/5
D7 Completude das ressalvas
5/5
D8 Qualidade da amostra
5/5
Média4.38/5
Arrependimento por ação
Parto por cesariana
19%
19% das mulheres com parto cesáreo estavam insatisfeitas com a experiência do parto (proxy de insatisfação)
Mulheres que tiveram parto por cesariana na Escócia, recrutadas via pesquisa postal (mistura de planejadas e não planejadas)
retrospectiva, tempo variável desde o parto
Arrependimento por omissão
Parto vaginal
7,0%
7% das mulheres tiveram uma experiência negativa de parto em 1 ano pós-parto (proxy de experiência negativa)
Mulheres suecas recrutadas em todas as clínicas pré-natais nacionalmente, avaliadas 1 ano após o parto (predominantemente partos vaginais dado o ~15% da taxa nacional de cesárea)
1 ano após o parto
% se arrependem desta escolha
Parto por cesarianaParto vaginal
19%7,0%
action dominates — A acção domina — a maioria arrepende-se de ter agido.
Decisões relacionadas
Decisões semanticamente semelhantes — mesmo terreno, compromissos diferentes.
Cesarean delivery carries roughly three times the negative-experience rate of
spontaneous vaginal delivery across the available survey and outcomes literature:
19% of cesarean-delivery women in a large Scottish postal study reported dissatisfaction
with their birth (Porter et al. 2007, n=1,661), compared to 7% of women in a national
Swedish cohort who rated their birth — predominantly vaginal — as a negative experience
one year later (Waldenström et al. 2004, n=2,541). The PTSD literature corroborates the
direction: spontaneous vaginal birth produces the lowest postpartum PTSD rates of any
delivery mode (1.8% at 6+ months, Ginter 2022 integrative review), while emergency
cesarean sits at the top (4.8%), with elective cesarean and instrumental vaginal between
them.
The critical within-group caveat is that unplanned cesareans drive most of the negative
signal. Konheim-Kalkstein & Miron-Shatz (2021) found 73% regret among 227 US women
with unplanned cesareans as their only birth — but the regret was predominantly
inaction-flavored, centering on not having advocated for themselves during labor, rather
than regretting the surgical procedure itself. Women who chose a planned elective
cesarean fared far better: Coates et al. (2021) found 85% were satisfied with their
decision-making process. The 19% average
action-side rate masks wide within-group variation: planned/elective cesarean carries
markedly less dissatisfaction than unplanned cesarean, where Konheim-Kalkstein &
Miron-Shatz found 73% regret — depending almost entirely on whether the procedure was
chosen or imposed by circumstances.
The direction is consistent with the Gilovich inaction-versus-action pattern: the
shorter-term satisfaction advantage of elective cesarean (control, predictability,
pain management) reflects known short-horizon benefits, while the negative-experience
and PTSD data above suggest the psychological costs of operative delivery are what
compound rather than fade. Long-term, decade-scale survey data directly comparing
fulfillment or regret by delivery mode remains sparse in the literature — an evidence
gap rather than a null finding. The absence of direct “regret about not having a
cesarean” survey data from vaginal-delivery populations is itself informative: the
construct is rarely studied because the experience is relatively rarely reported.
Fontes: acção
Registro de evidências
Cada número abaixo é o que cada fonte relatou, com a citação literal em que nos baseamos e como chegamos ao nosso valor. Clique em qualquer link para verificar diretamente.
3/3 fontes verificadas de forma independente palavra por palavra em relação à fonte citada
[1]Birth / Porter, van Teijlingen, Yip & Bhattacharya — Satisfaction with cesarean section: qualitative analysis of open-ended questions in a large postal survey
Verificado
Revisado por pares
81% of cesarean-delivery women were satisfied with the birth experience; 19% were not satisfied
Trecho
“"Eighty-one percent of women were satisfied with the experience. Thirty-six percent rated at least one aspect of their caesarean section as distressing. Forty-two percent provided written descriptions of distressing experiences, of which 66% described psychological or communication-related issues."
”
Dados da fonte de
2007-06-01
Acessado
2026-05-04
Verificação
Trecho obtido novamente de forma independente e confirmado palavra por palavra em relação à fonte citada durante nossa auditoria de fundamentação.
Cálculo
Porter et al. (2007) conducted a postal survey of all women in Grampian, Scotland who delivered by cesarean in a 2-year period; 1,661 responded (75% response rate). Satisfaction item was binary; 81% reported satisfied, leaving 19% as the dissatisfied/negative-experience proportion used as the regret proxy. Mixed planned and unplanned cesareans; emergency cesarean carries substantially higher dissatisfaction rates (see Konheim-Kalkstein below for unplanned-only data). The 19% figure is the primary action-side rate because it covers the full cesarian population, not only emergency cases.
Independência
Population-based postal survey in Scotland; independent of the US-based Konheim-Kalkstein study below.
[2]Journal of Health Psychology / Konheim-Kalkstein & Miron-Shatz — 'If only I had . . .': Regrets from women with an unplanned cesarean delivery
Verificado
Revisado por pares
73% of women with unplanned cesarean as their only birth reported regret; regret centered on inaction, particularly not advocating for the self
Trecho
“"Seventy-three percent of women reported regret which mostly centered on inaction, particularly not advocating for the self. Those with regrets reported lower birth satisfaction (t(220) = 4.84, p < .001). Only emotional support was associated with lower likelihood of experiencing regret (p < .001)."
”
Dados da fonte de
2019-12-03
Acessado
2026-05-04
Verificação
Trecho obtido novamente de forma independente e confirmado palavra por palavra em relação à fonte citada durante nossa auditoria de fundamentação.
Cálculo
Konheim-Kalkstein & Miron-Shatz (2021) surveyed 227 US women with unplanned cesarean as their only birth. The 73% regret rate is specific to unplanned cesareans; the regret was predominantly inaction-flavored (wishing they had advocated for themselves differently, not necessarily regretting the surgical procedure per se). This rate is cited as secondary context for within-group variation — emergency/unplanned cesareans carry a far higher regret burden than the 19% mixed-sample figure. The action-side regret_rate uses 0.19 (Porter 2007) as the more representative overall population figure.
Independência
Separate US online survey study; independent of Porter's Scottish postal survey in population, country, timing, and methodology.
[3]Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Coates, Donnolley, Thirukumar, Lainchbury, Spear & Henry — Women's experiences of decision-making and beliefs in relation to planned caesarean section: A survey study
Verificado
Revisado por pares
85% of women were satisfied with the decision-making process for a planned cesarean section, regardless of whether the CS was perceived as requested or recommended
Trecho
“"The majority (85%) of women appeared satisfied with the decision-making process, regardless of whether they perceived their CS as requested or recommended."
”
Dados da fonte de
2021-02-01
Acessado
2026-07-03
Verificação
Trecho obtido novamente de forma independente e confirmado palavra por palavra em relação à fonte citada durante nossa auditoria de fundamentação.
Cálculo
Coates, Donnolley, Thirukumar, Lainchbury, Spear & Henry (2021), Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 61(1):106-115 (published online 2020-09-22). PMID 32964450. Survey of women who had a planned (elective) cesarean section specifically. Cited as within-group context: the 19% dissatisfaction figure used as the primary action-side regret proxy (Porter 2007) mixes planned and unplanned cesareans; this source shows planned/elective cesarean alone carries much higher decision satisfaction (85%) than the mixed sample, corroborating the caveat that regret concentrates in unplanned/emergency cesareans. Not used in regret_rate arithmetic.
Independência
Australian survey study; independent of Porter (Scotland), Konheim-Kalkstein (US), and Waldenström (Sweden) in population, country, and methodology.
Fontes: inacção
Registro de evidências
Cada número abaixo é o que cada fonte relatou, com a citação literal em que nos baseamos e como chegamos ao nosso valor. Clique em qualquer link para verificar diretamente.
1/2 fontes verificadas de forma independente palavra por palavra em relação à fonte citada
[1]Birth / Waldenström, Hildingsson, Rubertsson & Rådestad — A Negative Birth Experience: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a National Sample
Verificado
Revisado por pares
7% of women had a negative birth experience assessed at 1 year postpartum; risk factors included emergency operative delivery, induction, pain, and lack of control
Trecho
“"Seven percent of the women had a negative birth experience. Risk factors for a negative birth experience included not being treated with respect, lack of emotional support from midwives, emergency cesarean section, instrumental delivery, induction, too much pain, and labor complications."
”
Dados da fonte de
2004-03-01
Acessado
2026-05-04
Verificação
Trecho obtido novamente de forma independente e confirmado palavra por palavra em relação à fonte citada durante nossa auditoria de fundamentação.
Cálculo
Waldenström et al. (2004) recruited 3,061 women at all Swedish antenatal clinics over one calendar year; 2,541 completed the 1-year postal follow-up. At the time of the study, Sweden's national cesarean rate was approximately 15%, meaning the vast majority of participants (approximately 85%) delivered vaginally. The 7% negative-birth-experience rate is therefore broadly representative of vaginal delivery experience. "Negative birth experience" was measured by a validated single-item scale at 1 year; this is a proxy for regret rather than a direct measure of it. Risk factors list emergency cesarean as a distinct category, confirming the vaginal-birth sample dominates the non-negative group.
Independência
National population-based Swedish cohort; fully independent of the UK Porter survey and US Konheim-Kalkstein study in country, era, and methodology.
[2]International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health / Ginter et al. — The Impact of Mode of Birth on Childbirth-Related PTSD Symptoms beyond 6 Months Postpartum: An Integrative Review
Revisado por pares
“"CB-PTS/D rates by mode at ≥6 months postpartum from the largest cohort included: spontaneous vaginal 1.8%, operative vaginal 4.2%, elective cesarean 3.1%, emergency cesarean 4.8%."
”
Dados da fonte de
2022-07-11
Acessado
2026-05-04
Cálculo
Ginter et al. (2022) integrative review of 26 quantitative and 2 qualitative studies on childbirth-related PTSD by mode of delivery. Spontaneous vaginal birth consistently showed the lowest PTSD rate (1.8%), substantially below emergency cesarean (4.8%) and even elective cesarean (3.1%). These rates support the directional finding that vaginal delivery results in fewer negative psychological outcomes than cesarean (especially emergency) delivery. The PTSD rate (1.8%) is lower than the Waldenström negative-birth-experience rate (7%) because PTSD is a more restrictive clinical construct than general negative experience; both are cited to triangulate the inaction-side estimate.
Independência
Systematic integrative review of 28 studies spanning multiple countries and decades; independent of Waldenström, Porter, and Konheim-Kalkstein.
Ressalvas
Os dois lados desta entrada medem construtos relacionados, mas distintos em populações e épocas diferentes: o lado da ação usa "insatisfação" de uma pesquisa postal escocesa de cesarianas mistas planejadas/não planejadas (Porter 2007); o lado da inação usa "experiência de parto negativa" de uma coorte prospectiva nacional sueca (Waldenström 2004). Estes são proxies para arrependimento, não medidas diretas em escala de arrependimento. A direção da diferença 19% vs 7% é consistente com a literatura de TEPT (Ginter 2022: cesariana de emergência 4,8%, vaginal espontânea 1,8%), com suporte adicional da meta-análise Carter et al. (2022) Birth mostrando que a cesariana carrega maior carga de TEPT. A ressalva-chave dentro do grupo é que a cesariana não planejada/de emergência impulsiona o sinal de experiência negativa: Konheim-Kalkstein (2021) encontrou 73% de arrependimento especificamente entre mulheres com cesariana não planejada — muito maior do que a média de 19% de cesarianas mistas. A satisfação da cesariana eletiva planejada é substancialmente maior (~85% satisfeitas com a decisão, Coates 2021). O regret_delta de 0,12 representa a diferença média populacional, que mascara variação significativa entre subgrupos. A amostra sueca de Waldenström do início dos anos 2000 pode não representar totalmente a experiência obstétrica atual de países de alta renda dadas as mudanças no manejo da dor, tomada de decisão compartilhada e cuidado de suporte. Notavelmente, um acompanhamento de longo prazo de 2017 (Tully et al., AJOG) descobriu que aos 10+ anos, mulheres que deram à luz por via vaginal relataram maior realização e menos angústia do que aquelas que deram à luz por cesariana, consistente com o padrão de domínio da inação em horizontes de tempo mais longos.
