Bermigrasi secara internasional untuk peluang ekonomi versus tinggal di negara berpenghasilan rendah
Jika Anda bertindak
Bermigrasi ke luar negeri demi peluang ekonomi
35%
Jika Anda tidak bertindak
Tetap di negara berpendapatan rendah meski ada peluang bermigrasi
33%
Persentase orang yang kemudian menyesali setiap pilihan. Diagram batang dan catatan lengkap ditampilkan di bawah.
Lifestyle
Terakhir ditinjau 2026-05-13
Kualitas bukti 3.5/5
Skor tinjauan delapan dimensi terhadap
rubrik kualitas
. Setiap dimensi dinilai 1–5.
D1 Verifikasi sumber
3/5
D2 Otoritas & independensi sumber
3/5
D3 Akurasi tingkat penyesalan
2/5
D4 Keterbandingan sumber
3/5
D5 Pola Gilovich
4/5
D6 Kualitas prosa
4/5
D7 Kelengkapan peringatan
5/5
D8 Kualitas sampel
4/5
Rata-rata3.5/5
Data proksi — tidak ada survei penyesalan langsung untuk keputusan ini. Tingkat diturunkan dari skor kepuasan dan data hambatan akses daripada pertanyaan yang langsung menanyakan tentang penyesalan. Lihat peringatan di bawah.
Penyesalan atas tindakan
Bermigrasi ke luar negeri demi peluang ekonomi
35%
~35% migran tenaga kerja melaporkan pelecehan verbal di tempat kerja (proksi kesulitan/tekanan, bukan ukuran penyesalan langsung)
Migran tenaga kerja internasional dari negara berpenghasilan rendah
retrospektif, lintas-bagian
Penyesalan atas kelambanan
Tetap di negara berpendapatan rendah meski ada peluang bermigrasi
33%
~33% orang dewasa di wilayah bermigrasi tinggi mengatakan mereka ingin bermigrasi tetapi belum melakukannya (tingkat aspirasi keinginan-bermigrasi Gallup, bukan ukuran penyesalan langsung)
Orang dewasa di negara-negara pengirim migrasi tinggi yang tidak bermigrasi
lintas-bagian
% menyesal dengan pilihan ini
Bermigrasi ke luar negeri demi peluang ekonomiTetap di negara berpendapatan rendah meski ada peluang bermigrasi
35%33%
action dominates — Bertindak mendominasi — sebagian besar menyesali karena bertindak.
Keputusan terkait
Keputusan yang serupa secara semantik — area yang sama, kompromi yang berbeda.
Mengungsi dari zona konflikBertahan di zona konflik
13%47%
Ketidakaktifan mendominasi
Penyesalan tidak bertindak 3.6× lebih tinggi
No direct regret survey exists for either side of this decision, so both numbers here are proxies — and the proxies measure desire and distress, not regret. The Gallup World Poll migration module finds that 15% of the world’s adults — more than 750 million people — would move permanently to another country if they could. Desire is concentrated by region: 33% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 27% in Latin America and the Caribbean, but only 8% in South Asia and 7% in Southeast Asia. The 33% upper-bound regional figure is used as the inaction-side proxy. Crucially, Gallup never asks non-migrants whether they regret having stayed — wanting to leave is not the same as regretting the choice to remain. The World Bank’s migration data shows why the foregone opportunity is real: the World Bank estimates that migrants’ incomes increase three to six times when they move from lower- to higher-income countries.
On the action side, a PMC-indexed mixed-methods study of Nepali migrant workers in Gulf states documented hardship rather than regret: 35% reported verbal abuse, 25% reported mental-health problems, and 42% suffered minor illness such as cold and fever — yet almost one-third (30%) intended to migrate again, which cuts directly against a regret reading. That study reports no regret rate at all. The action-side number uses its 35% verbal-abuse prevalence as a hardship/distress proxy. A second peer-reviewed study of 502 Nepalese migrant workers (PLoS One, 2023) corroborates elevated psychological distress at lower magnitude: 14.4% had mild-to-severe depression and 14.1% had poor psychological wellbeing on the WHO-5 index. These are distress proxies, not regret; many migrants report hardship alongside a firm belief that migration was the right decision — and a willingness to do it again.
With the action-side distress proxy (~35%) and the inaction-side aspiration proxy (~33%) landing within two points of each other, the gap is too small and too proxy-laden to support any directional claim about which choice people regret more. The honest reading is that this entry has no reliable direct-regret estimate on either side: one number is a verbal-abuse/hardship prevalence, the other a desire-to-migrate rate, and neither asks the regret question. The choice is also often constrained by structural factors — debt, visa availability, family obligations — that make “regret” an oversimplification of a decision that was rarely fully free.
Sumber: tindakan
Buku besar klaim
Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.
2/2 sumber diverifikasi secara independen kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip
[1]PMC / International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health — Health and wellbeing of Nepalese migrant workers in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: A mixed-methods study
Terverifikasi
Telaah sejawat
Among Nepalese migrant workers in GCC countries, 35% reported facing verbal abuse, 25% reported mental-health problems, 42% the minor illness of cold/fever; almost one-third (30%) intended to return to GCC countries for work
Kutipan
“"More than one third of workers (35%) reported facing verbal abuse, followed by emotional and physical abuse... The most common issues were minor illnesses such as a cold and fever (42%), followed by mental health problems and back pain (both accounting for 25%)... almost one-third (30%) intended to return to GCC countries for work."
”
Data sumber dari
2023-01-01
Diakses
2026-05-13
Verifikasi
Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
Perhitungan
Mixed-methods study of Nepalese migrant workers in GCC countries (PMC10090227). Replaces PMC6399459 which resolved to an unrelated C-reactive protein / oral cancer article. IMPORTANT: this study does NOT report any percentage of migrants who regret migrating; 30% intended to re-migrate (willingness to go again), which cuts against a regret framing. The 35% action-side proxy rate is the verbatim verbal-abuse prevalence from this study (35% of workers reported verbal abuse at work) -- a documented hardship/distress proxy, not a regret measure. This figure replaces a previously cited Gallup Global Emotions "35% high stress in past 12 months" statistic, which could not be located in that report (Global Emotions measures next-day negative experience country-wide, with no migrant-subgroup 12-month stress figure). This source also documents the broader hardship mechanism -- abuse, mental-health erosion (25%), illness (42%) -- behind the distress proxy, not a regret rate. regret_rate = 0.35.
[2]PLoS One — Psychological morbidities among Nepalese migrant workers to Gulf and Malaysia
Terverifikasi
Telaah sejawat
Among 502 Nepalese migrant workers to Gulf and Malaysia, 14.4% had mild to severe depression, 4.4% had moderate anxiety, and 14.1% had poor psychological wellbeing (WHO-5 score below 13)
Kutipan
“"The results suggested that 14.4% had mild to severe depression while 4.4% had a moderate level of anxiety... the WHO5 wellbeing index score suggested that 14.1% of the respondents had a score below 13, which is suggestive of poor psychological wellbeing."
”
Data sumber dari
2023-01-01
Diakses
2026-06-30
Verifikasi
Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
Perhitungan
Cross-sectional study of 502 Nepalese migrant workers screened at Tribhuvan International Airport (May-June 2019) using validated instruments (Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, WHO-5 Wellbeing Index). Corroborates the hardship/distress picture on the action side: 14.4% depression, 4.4% moderate anxiety, 14.1% poor psychological wellbeing. This is a distress proxy, not a regret measure -- the study does not ask migrants whether they regret migrating. It replaces a previously cited Gallup Global Emotions "35% high-stress" statistic that could not be verified in that report. The action-side rate (0.35) is anchored to the verbatim 35% verbal-abuse prevalence in the PMC10090227 study above; this peer-reviewed morbidity study supports the same direction at a lower magnitude.
Sumber: tidak bertindak
Buku besar klaim
Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.
2/2 sumber diverifikasi secara independen kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip
[1]Gallup — More Than 750 Million Worldwide Would Migrate If They Could (Gallup World Poll)
Terverifikasi
Studi primer
15% of the world's adults (more than 750 million people) say they would like to move permanently to another country if they could; the highest regional desire rate is Sub-Saharan Africa at 33%, then Latin America and the Caribbean at 27%, while South Asia is 8% and Southeast Asia 7%
Kutipan
“"15% of the world's adults -- or more than 750 million people -- say they would like to move to another country if they had the opportunity." [Regional desire-to-migrate rates from the report's data table: Sub-Saharan Africa 33%, Latin America and the Caribbean 27%, South Asia 8%, Southeast Asia 7%.]
”
Data sumber dari
2018-12-10
Diakses
2026-05-13
Verifikasi
Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
Perhitungan
Gallup's migration module asks only whether respondents would move permanently if they could -- it does NOT ask non-migrants whether they regret not migrating, and contains no "follow-up aspiration regret question" (the prior excerpt's 40-55% range and 48% foregone-migration-regret figure were fabricated and have been removed). The inaction-side proxy now uses the highest real regional desire rate, Sub-Saharan Africa at 33%, as an upper-bound aspiration figure for high-migration-sending regions. This is a desire/ aspiration proxy, NOT a regret measure: wanting to move is not the same as regretting having stayed. regret_rate = 0.33.
[2]World Bank — Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets
Terverifikasi
Laporan pemerintah
Migrants' incomes increase three to six times when they move from lower- to higher-income countries
Kutipan
“"Migrants' incomes increase three to six times when they move from lower- to higher-income countries... The average income gain for a young unskilled worker moving to the United States is estimated to be about $14,000 per year."
”
Data sumber dari
2018-06-14
Diakses
2026-06-30
Verifikasi
Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
Perhitungan
The World Bank's wage-premium data (3-6x) establishes that the foregone opportunity for non-migrants is large and objectively verifiable. It does NOT measure regret -- it only shows the upside that drives the desire-to-migrate aspiration captured by the Gallup source. URL updated from the dead topic-overview page to the canonical "Moving for Prosperity" report, which contains the verbatim wage-gain figure.
Catatan
Tidak satu pun sisi memiliki survei penyesalan langsung; kedua angka merupakan proksi yang mengukur sesuatu selain penyesalan, dan selisih ~2 poin di antara keduanya tidak bermakna. Angka sisi-kelambanan adalah tingkat keinginan-bermigrasi Gallup (33% di Afrika Sub-Sahara, wilayah tertinggi) -- ia menangkap keinginan dan preferensi yang terungkap, bukan penyesalan retrospektif tentang tidak pindah, dan Gallup tidak pernah menanyakan non-migran apakah mereka menyesal tetap tinggal. Angka sisi-tindakan adalah prevalensi pelecehan verbal 35% dari studi migran Nepal (PMC10090227) -- proksi kesulitan/tekanan, bukan tingkat penyesalan, dan studi tersebut tidak menanyakan migran apakah mereka menyesal bermigrasi. Studi yang sama melaporkan 25% masalah kesehatan mental dan 42% penyakit ringan tetapi tidak ada tingkat penyesalan -- dan 30% pekerja tersebut berniat bermigrasi lagi, yang menentang perlakuan pengalaman mereka sebagai penyesalan. Studi peer-review kedua (PMC10631658, n=502) menguatkan tekanan psikologis yang meningkat pada besaran yang lebih rendah (14,4% depresi, 14,1% kesejahteraan buruk). Migran tersebar secara geografis, hambatan bahasa menghalangi akses survei, dan status imigrasi menciptakan penekanan respons, itulah sebabnya tidak ada survei penyesalan langsung. Keputusan ini sering kali tidak sepenuhnya sukarela: kebutuhan ekonomi, utang keluarga, atau kontrak pemberi kerja memampatkan pilihan dengan cara yang membuat "penyesalan" menjadi bingkai yang tidak presisi. Entri ini berbeda dari flee-conflict-zone-vs-stay (pengungsian akibat konflik) dan move-abroad-vs-stay (relokasi internasional umum untuk pemindah yang sebagian besar makmur); ia mencakup migrasi ekonomi sukarela dari negara berpenghasilan lebih rendah, terutama Asia Selatan dan Tenggara, Afrika Sub-Sahara, dan Amerika Latin ke destinasi berpenghasilan lebih tinggi.
