Persentase orang yang kemudian menyesali setiap pilihan. Diagram batang dan catatan lengkap ditampilkan di bawah.
Kesehatan
Terakhir ditinjau 2026-05-04
Kualitas bukti 4.5/5
Skor tinjauan delapan dimensi terhadap
rubrik kualitas
. Setiap dimensi dinilai 1–5.
D1 Verifikasi sumber
4/5
D2 Otoritas & independensi sumber
5/5
D3 Akurasi tingkat penyesalan
3/5
D4 Keterbandingan sumber
4/5
D5 Pola Gilovich
5/5
D6 Kualitas prosa
5/5
D7 Kelengkapan peringatan
5/5
D8 Kualitas sampel
5/5
Rata-rata4.5/5
Data proksi — tidak ada survei penyesalan langsung untuk keputusan ini. Tingkat diturunkan dari skor kepuasan dan data hambatan akses daripada pertanyaan yang langsung menanyakan tentang penyesalan. Lihat peringatan di bawah.
estimasi proxy: orang yang menginginkan tetapi tidak dapat mengakses perawatan penegasan gender memikul beban psikologis yang jauh lebih tinggi — mereka yang memperoleh penekanan pubertas yang diinginkan memiliki ide bunuh diri seumur hidup yang jauh lebih rendah (aOR 0,3), dan 98% penerima perawatan melaporkan kepuasan hidup yang lebih besar; tidak ada survei penyesalan-kekurangan-akses langsung
Orang dewasa transgender dan beragam gender tanpa akses atau yang menunda perawatan penegasan-gender (US Transgender Survey 2022; Turban et al. 2020)
The clinical evidence on gender-affirming care outcomes is now extensive and consistent. WPATH Standards of Care Version 8 (2022), representing the most comprehensive systematic review of the evidence, confirms that gender-affirming medical and surgical interventions are associated with significant reductions in gender dysphoria, depression, anxiety, and suicidality in transgender and gender diverse adults. Bustos et al.’s 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies pooling 7,928 patients who underwent gender-affirming surgery found a pooled regret prevalence of 1% (95% CI <1%–2%), consistent with the 1–4% contemporary range as patient selection and surgical techniques have improved. Regret rates for hormonal treatment alone are lower than for surgery. The action-side regret rate (3%) is a conservative estimate — it uses the upper end of the contemporary surgical range rather than the 1% mean across all studies.
The inaction-side picture rests on proxy evidence rather than a direct lack-of-access regret survey. The 2022 U.S. Transgender Survey — the largest survey of transgender people in US history, with 92,329 respondents — reports that nearly all care recipients said it made them more satisfied with their lives: 98% of those receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy and 97% of those receiving transition-related surgery. Turban et al.’s 2020 Pediatrics study of 20,619 transgender adults found that, among those who ever wanted pubertal suppression, the people who received it had markedly lower odds of lifetime suicidal ideation (adjusted OR 0.3) than those who wanted but could not access it. No survey directly measures the share of people who regret not accessing care, so the inaction-side rate is a modeled proxy for that psychological burden, not a measured regret figure — which is why this entry is flagged as proxy-only. The gap between the very low surgical-regret rate on one side and the high satisfaction-and-burden signal on the other is among the largest in this corpus.
The critical framing distinction is between (a) adults with gender dysphoria who want treatment and are considering whether to pursue it — the population for this entry — and (b) people uncertain about their gender identity, who are not in this decision frame. For the former group, the evidence consistently shows that the regret structure strongly favours action. For the latter group, the question is different and the evidence base is sparser. WPATH SOC v8 addresses this by recommending thorough psychological assessment before surgical (but not necessarily hormonal) interventions, which is the clinical standard against which the 1–4% regret rates in published studies were achieved. The regret data reflects outcomes under that assessment standard, not outcomes under zero clinical gatekeeping.
Sumber: tindakan
Buku besar klaim
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[1]International Journal of Transgender Health / WPATH — Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8
Telaah sejawat
Systematic evidence review confirms gender-affirming care significantly reduces gender dysphoria, depression, anxiety, and suicidality; regret rates for gender-affirming surgery in recent cohorts: 1–4%
Kutipan
“"The WPATH Standards of Care Version 8 evidence review confirms that gender-affirming medical and surgical interventions are associated with significant reductions in gender dysphoria, depression, anxiety, and suicidality in transgender and gender diverse adults. Regret rates for gender-affirming surgery, based on studies from multiple countries and time periods, range from approximately 1 to 4 percent in contemporary cohorts, with declining regret rates over time as patient selection criteria and surgical techniques have improved. Studies consistently find that the absence of gender-affirming care is associated with substantially worse mental health outcomes than receipt of care."
”
Data sumber dari
2022-09-15
Diakses
2026-05-04
Perhitungan
WPATH SOC v8 (Coleman et al. 2022). The comprehensive WPATH evidence review is the primary authoritative source for this entry. The 1–4% surgical regret range is used; the 3% midpoint is the action-side regret_rate. Regret rates for hormones alone are lower (estimated <2%), so the 3% is a conservative upper bound reflecting the surgical-care subgroup.
[2]Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery — Global Open — Regret after Gender-affirmation Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence
Terverifikasi
Telaah sejawat
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies pooling 7,928 transgender patients who underwent gender-affirming surgery: pooled prevalence of regret 1% (95% CI <1%–2%)
Kutipan
“"A total of 27 studies, pooling 7928 transgender patients who underwent any type of GAS, were included. The pooled prevalence of regret among the TGNB population after GAS was 1% (95% Confidence interval [CI] <1%–2%; I2 = 75.1%). ... Overall, follow-up time from surgery to the time of regret assessment ranged from 0.8 to 9 years. ... This study corroborates previous evidence regarding the low prevalence of regret after GAS and provides updated, more accurate evidence."
”
Data sumber dari
2021-03-19
Diakses
2026-05-04
Verifikasi
Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
Perhitungan
Bustos VP, Bustos SS, Mascaro A, et al. 2021, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 9(3):e3477 (DOI 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003477; PMID 33968550; PMC8099405) — systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies, 7,928 patients. The pooled regret prevalence of 1% (95% CI <1%–2%) is below the 3% action-side regret_rate; combined with the WPATH SOC v8 1–4% contemporary-surgery range, the 3% rate is used as a conservative upper bound for the surgical-care subgroup.
Sumber: tidak bertindak
Buku besar klaim
Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.
1/2 sumber diverifikasi secara independen kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip
[1]Pediatrics — Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation
Terverifikasi
Telaah sejawat
Cross-sectional survey of 20,619 transgender adults; among the 16.9% (3,494) who ever wanted pubertal suppression, those who received it had lower odds of lifetime suicidal ideation than those who wanted but did not receive it (adjusted OR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.2–0.6)
Kutipan
“"Using a cross-sectional survey of 20 619 transgender adults aged 18 to 36 years ... Of the sample, 16.9% reported that they ever wanted pubertal suppression as part of their gender-related care ... those who received treatment with pubertal suppression, when compared with those who wanted pubertal suppression but did not receive it, had lower odds of lifetime suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio = 0.3; 95% confidence interval = 0.2–0.6). ... There is a significant inverse association between treatment with pubertal suppression during adolescence and lifetime suicidal ideation among transgender adults who ever wanted this treatment."
”
Data sumber dari
2020-02-01
Diakses
2026-05-04
Verifikasi
Kutipan diambil ulang secara independen dan dikonfirmasi kata demi kata terhadap sumber terkutip selama audit pendasaran kami.
Perhitungan
Turban et al. 2020, Pediatrics 145(2):e20191725 (DOI 10.1542/peds.2019-1725; PMID 31974216; PMC7073269). Among the 3,494 transgender adults who ever wanted pubertal suppression, those who received it had markedly lower odds of lifetime suicidal ideation (aOR 0.3; CI 0.2–0.6) than those who wanted it but could not access it. This documents the elevated psychological burden borne by people who want but cannot obtain desired gender-affirming care, contextualising the inaction-side regret rate.
[2]Advocates for Trans Equality (formerly National Center for Transgender Equality) — Early Insights: A Report of the 2022 U.S. Transgender Survey
Sumber referensi
Largest US survey of transgender people (92,329 respondents): nearly all respondents who received gender-affirming care reported it made them more satisfied with their lives — gender-affirming hormone therapy 98%, transition-related surgeries 97%
Kutipan
“"Nearly all respondents said that gender-affirming hormone therapy (98%) or transition-related surgeries (97%) made them more satisfied with their lives."
”
Data sumber dari
2024-02-08
Diakses
2026-05-04
Perhitungan
2022 U.S. Transgender Survey, Early Insights report (Advocates for Trans Equality; 92,329 respondents, the largest survey of transgender people in US history). The survey measures satisfaction, not direct regret: 98% of those receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy and 97% of those receiving transition-related surgery said it made them more satisfied with their lives. The near-universal satisfaction among care recipients is the satisfaction proxy underlying the large action–inaction gap on this entry; the inaction-side rate is a derived proxy for the burden borne by those who want but cannot access desired care, not a direct regret-survey figure.
Catatan
Entri ini mencerminkan keadaan basis bukti klinis saat ini untuk orang dewasa, sebagaimana dirangkum dalam WPATH SOC v8 (2022) dan literatur sistematis. Tingkat penyesalan sisi tindakan (3%) adalah untuk perawatan bedah; tingkat penyesalan untuk hormon saja lebih rendah. Tingkat sisi ketidaktindakan (40%) adalah proxy termodelkan, bukan angka penyesalan terukur: tidak ada survei yang secara langsung menanyakan kepada orang dewasa transgender berapa banyak yang menyesal tidak mengakses perawatan yang diinginkan. Bukti yang tersedia bersifat tidak langsung — kepuasan yang hampir universal di antara penerima perawatan (98% untuk hormon, 97% untuk operasi dalam U.S. Transgender Survey 2022) dan ide bunuh diri yang lebih rendah di antara mereka yang memperoleh penekanan pubertas yang diinginkan. Proxy ini berlaku khusus untuk orang dewasa yang menginginkan perawatan tetapi belum menerimanya — bukan untuk mereka yang tidak yakin tentang identitas gender mereka atau yang telah memilih untuk tidak mencari perawatan. Ini adalah populasi yang berbeda secara bermakna, dan entri ini diberi flag proxy-only. Basis bukti lebih terbatas untuk remaja daripada untuk orang dewasa; SOC v8 memiliki rekomendasi terpisah untuk kaum muda yang mencakup persyaratan asesmen tambahan. Data penyesalan-bedah sebagian besar berasal dari kohort Eropa (Belanda, Swedia, Belgia) dan meta-analisis Bustos yang mencakup 14 negara; populasi di negara-negara di mana perawatan penegasan gender dibatasi atau dikriminalisasi menghadapi struktur keputusan yang berbeda. Temuan yang konsisten di puluhan studi — bahwa penyesalan setelah perawatan penegasan gender jarang terjadi, sementara beban psikologis di antara mereka yang menginginkan tetapi tidak dapat mengakses perawatan yang diinginkan cukup substansial — mencerminkan literatur klinis dan bukan posisi kebijakan. Entri ini tidak membahas intervensi spesifik mana yang tepat untuk individu tertentu, yang merupakan penentuan klinis yang memerlukan asesmen individual.
