Доля тех, кто впоследствии жалеет о каждом выборе. Столбцы и полный реестр показаны ниже.
Семья
Последнее обновление 2026-05-04
Качество доказательств 4.38/5
Оценка по восьми измерениям согласно
рубрике качества
. Каждое измерение оценивается от 1 до 5.
D1 Проверка источников
5/5
D2 Авторитетность и независимость источника
4/5
D3 Точность уровня сожаления
3/5
D4 Сопоставимость источников
3/5
D5 Шаблон Гиловича
5/5
D6 Качество текста
5/5
D7 Полнота оговорок
5/5
D8 Качество выборки
5/5
Среднее4.38/5
Сожаление о действии
Кесарево сечение
19%
19% женщин после кесарева сечения остались недовольны опытом родов (приближение через неудовлетворённость)
Женщины, родившие путём кесарева сечения в Шотландии, набранные по почтовому опросу (плановые и экстренные смешаны)
ретроспективно, разное время после родов
Сожаление о бездействии
Естественные роды
7,0%
7% женщин имели негативный опыт родов через 1 год после родов (приближение через негативный опыт)
Шведские женщины, набранные во всех антенатальных клиниках общенационально, оценены через 1 год после родов (преимущественно вагинальные роды, учитывая ~15% общенациональной частоты кесарева)
1 год после родов
% сожалеют об этом выборе
Кесарево сечениеЕстественные роды
19%7,0%
action dominates — Действие преобладает — большинство сожалеет, что действовали.
Похожие решения
Семантически близкие решения — та же область, другие компромиссы.
Cesarean delivery carries roughly three times the negative-experience rate of
spontaneous vaginal delivery across the available survey and outcomes literature:
19% of cesarean-delivery women in a large Scottish postal study reported dissatisfaction
with their birth (Porter et al. 2007, n=1,661), compared to 7% of women in a national
Swedish cohort who rated their birth — predominantly vaginal — as a negative experience
one year later (Waldenström et al. 2004, n=2,541). The PTSD literature corroborates the
direction: spontaneous vaginal birth produces the lowest postpartum PTSD rates of any
delivery mode (1.8% at 6+ months, Ginter 2022 integrative review), while emergency
cesarean sits at the top (4.8%), with elective cesarean and instrumental vaginal between
them.
The critical within-group caveat is that unplanned cesareans drive most of the negative
signal. Konheim-Kalkstein & Miron-Shatz (2021) found 73% regret among 227 US women
with unplanned cesareans as their only birth — but the regret was predominantly
inaction-flavored, centering on not having advocated for themselves during labor, rather
than regretting the surgical procedure itself. Women who chose a planned elective
cesarean fared far better: Coates et al. (2021) found 85% were satisfied with their
decision-making process. The 19% average
action-side rate masks wide within-group variation: planned/elective cesarean carries
markedly less dissatisfaction than unplanned cesarean, where Konheim-Kalkstein &
Miron-Shatz found 73% regret — depending almost entirely on whether the procedure was
chosen or imposed by circumstances.
The direction is consistent with the Gilovich inaction-versus-action pattern: the
shorter-term satisfaction advantage of elective cesarean (control, predictability,
pain management) reflects known short-horizon benefits, while the negative-experience
and PTSD data above suggest the psychological costs of operative delivery are what
compound rather than fade. Long-term, decade-scale survey data directly comparing
fulfillment or regret by delivery mode remains sparse in the literature — an evidence
gap rather than a null finding. The absence of direct “regret about not having a
cesarean” survey data from vaginal-delivery populations is itself informative: the
construct is rarely studied because the experience is relatively rarely reported.
Источники: действие
Реестр утверждений
Каждое число ниже — это то, что сообщил источник, с дословной цитатой, на которую мы опирались, и тем, как мы пришли к нашей цифре. Нажмите на ссылку, чтобы проверить самостоятельно.
3/3 источников независимо дословно сверены с указанным источником
[1]Birth / Porter, van Teijlingen, Yip & Bhattacharya — Satisfaction with cesarean section: qualitative analysis of open-ended questions in a large postal survey
Проверено
Рецензируемая публикация
81% of cesarean-delivery women were satisfied with the birth experience; 19% were not satisfied
Выдержка
“"Eighty-one percent of women were satisfied with the experience. Thirty-six percent rated at least one aspect of their caesarean section as distressing. Forty-two percent provided written descriptions of distressing experiences, of which 66% described psychological or communication-related issues."
”
Данные источника:
2007-06-01
Дата обращения
2026-05-04
Проверка
Выдержка независимо повторно загружена и подтверждена слово в слово по указанному источнику в ходе нашей проверки достоверности.
Расчёт
Porter et al. (2007) conducted a postal survey of all women in Grampian, Scotland who delivered by cesarean in a 2-year period; 1,661 responded (75% response rate). Satisfaction item was binary; 81% reported satisfied, leaving 19% as the dissatisfied/negative-experience proportion used as the regret proxy. Mixed planned and unplanned cesareans; emergency cesarean carries substantially higher dissatisfaction rates (see Konheim-Kalkstein below for unplanned-only data). The 19% figure is the primary action-side rate because it covers the full cesarian population, not only emergency cases.
Независимость
Population-based postal survey in Scotland; independent of the US-based Konheim-Kalkstein study below.
[2]Journal of Health Psychology / Konheim-Kalkstein & Miron-Shatz — 'If only I had . . .': Regrets from women with an unplanned cesarean delivery
Проверено
Рецензируемая публикация
73% of women with unplanned cesarean as their only birth reported regret; regret centered on inaction, particularly not advocating for the self
Выдержка
“"Seventy-three percent of women reported regret which mostly centered on inaction, particularly not advocating for the self. Those with regrets reported lower birth satisfaction (t(220) = 4.84, p < .001). Only emotional support was associated with lower likelihood of experiencing regret (p < .001)."
”
Данные источника:
2019-12-03
Дата обращения
2026-05-04
Проверка
Выдержка независимо повторно загружена и подтверждена слово в слово по указанному источнику в ходе нашей проверки достоверности.
Расчёт
Konheim-Kalkstein & Miron-Shatz (2021) surveyed 227 US women with unplanned cesarean as their only birth. The 73% regret rate is specific to unplanned cesareans; the regret was predominantly inaction-flavored (wishing they had advocated for themselves differently, not necessarily regretting the surgical procedure per se). This rate is cited as secondary context for within-group variation — emergency/unplanned cesareans carry a far higher regret burden than the 19% mixed-sample figure. The action-side regret_rate uses 0.19 (Porter 2007) as the more representative overall population figure.
Независимость
Separate US online survey study; independent of Porter's Scottish postal survey in population, country, timing, and methodology.
[3]Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Coates, Donnolley, Thirukumar, Lainchbury, Spear & Henry — Women's experiences of decision-making and beliefs in relation to planned caesarean section: A survey study
Проверено
Рецензируемая публикация
85% of women were satisfied with the decision-making process for a planned cesarean section, regardless of whether the CS was perceived as requested or recommended
Выдержка
“"The majority (85%) of women appeared satisfied with the decision-making process, regardless of whether they perceived their CS as requested or recommended."
”
Данные источника:
2021-02-01
Дата обращения
2026-07-03
Проверка
Выдержка независимо повторно загружена и подтверждена слово в слово по указанному источнику в ходе нашей проверки достоверности.
Расчёт
Coates, Donnolley, Thirukumar, Lainchbury, Spear & Henry (2021), Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 61(1):106-115 (published online 2020-09-22). PMID 32964450. Survey of women who had a planned (elective) cesarean section specifically. Cited as within-group context: the 19% dissatisfaction figure used as the primary action-side regret proxy (Porter 2007) mixes planned and unplanned cesareans; this source shows planned/elective cesarean alone carries much higher decision satisfaction (85%) than the mixed sample, corroborating the caveat that regret concentrates in unplanned/emergency cesareans. Not used in regret_rate arithmetic.
Независимость
Australian survey study; independent of Porter (Scotland), Konheim-Kalkstein (US), and Waldenström (Sweden) in population, country, and methodology.
Источники: бездействие
Реестр утверждений
Каждое число ниже — это то, что сообщил источник, с дословной цитатой, на которую мы опирались, и тем, как мы пришли к нашей цифре. Нажмите на ссылку, чтобы проверить самостоятельно.
1/2 источников независимо дословно сверены с указанным источником
[1]Birth / Waldenström, Hildingsson, Rubertsson & Rådestad — A Negative Birth Experience: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a National Sample
Проверено
Рецензируемая публикация
7% of women had a negative birth experience assessed at 1 year postpartum; risk factors included emergency operative delivery, induction, pain, and lack of control
Выдержка
“"Seven percent of the women had a negative birth experience. Risk factors for a negative birth experience included not being treated with respect, lack of emotional support from midwives, emergency cesarean section, instrumental delivery, induction, too much pain, and labor complications."
”
Данные источника:
2004-03-01
Дата обращения
2026-05-04
Проверка
Выдержка независимо повторно загружена и подтверждена слово в слово по указанному источнику в ходе нашей проверки достоверности.
Расчёт
Waldenström et al. (2004) recruited 3,061 women at all Swedish antenatal clinics over one calendar year; 2,541 completed the 1-year postal follow-up. At the time of the study, Sweden's national cesarean rate was approximately 15%, meaning the vast majority of participants (approximately 85%) delivered vaginally. The 7% negative-birth-experience rate is therefore broadly representative of vaginal delivery experience. "Negative birth experience" was measured by a validated single-item scale at 1 year; this is a proxy for regret rather than a direct measure of it. Risk factors list emergency cesarean as a distinct category, confirming the vaginal-birth sample dominates the non-negative group.
Независимость
National population-based Swedish cohort; fully independent of the UK Porter survey and US Konheim-Kalkstein study in country, era, and methodology.
[2]International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health / Ginter et al. — The Impact of Mode of Birth on Childbirth-Related PTSD Symptoms beyond 6 Months Postpartum: An Integrative Review
Рецензируемая публикация
“"CB-PTS/D rates by mode at ≥6 months postpartum from the largest cohort included: spontaneous vaginal 1.8%, operative vaginal 4.2%, elective cesarean 3.1%, emergency cesarean 4.8%."
”
Данные источника:
2022-07-11
Дата обращения
2026-05-04
Расчёт
Ginter et al. (2022) integrative review of 26 quantitative and 2 qualitative studies on childbirth-related PTSD by mode of delivery. Spontaneous vaginal birth consistently showed the lowest PTSD rate (1.8%), substantially below emergency cesarean (4.8%) and even elective cesarean (3.1%). These rates support the directional finding that vaginal delivery results in fewer negative psychological outcomes than cesarean (especially emergency) delivery. The PTSD rate (1.8%) is lower than the Waldenström negative-birth-experience rate (7%) because PTSD is a more restrictive clinical construct than general negative experience; both are cited to triangulate the inaction-side estimate.
Независимость
Systematic integrative review of 28 studies spanning multiple countries and decades; independent of Waldenström, Porter, and Konheim-Kalkstein.
Оговорки
The two sides of this entry measure related but distinct constructs across different populations and eras: the action side uses "dissatisfaction" from a Scottish postal survey of mixed planned/unplanned cesareans (Porter 2007); the inaction side uses "negative birth experience" from a national Swedish prospective cohort (Waldenström 2004). These are proxies for regret, not direct regret-scale measurements. The 19% vs 7% gap direction is consistent with the PTSD literature (Ginter 2022: emergency C-section 4.8%, spontaneous vaginal 1.8%), with additional support from the Carter et al. (2022) Birth meta-analysis showing cesarean carries higher PTSD burden. The key within-group caveat is that unplanned/emergency cesarean drives the negative experience signal: Konheim-Kalkstein (2021) found 73% regret specifically among women with unplanned cesareans — far higher than the 19% mixed-cesarean average. Planned elective cesarean satisfaction is substantially higher (~85% satisfied with decision, Coates 2021). The regret_delta of 0.12 represents the population- average gap, which masks significant subgroup variation. Waldenström's Swedish sample from the early 2000s may not fully represent current high-income country obstetric experience given changes in pain management, shared decision-making, and supportive care. Long-term (decade-scale) survey data directly comparing fulfillment or regret by delivery mode remains sparse in the literature; the best available longitudinal proxies here are the 1-year Waldenström cohort and the Ginter et al. (2022) PTSD integrative review, both of which point in the same inaction-dominates direction.
