Travailler à l'étranger en tant que travailleur étranger philippin vs. rester aux Philippines
Si vous agissez
Accepter un contrat de travailleur expatrié (OFW)
38%
Si vous n’agissez pas
Rester aux Philippines
28%
Pourcentage de personnes qui regrettent ensuite chaque choix. Les barres et le registre complet s’affichent ci-dessous.
Carrière
Dernière révision 2026-05-13
Qualité des preuves 3.38/5
Score d’évaluation en huit dimensions selon la
grille de qualité
. Chaque dimension notée de 1 à 5.
D1 Vérification des sources
4/5
D2 Autorité et indépendance des sources
4/5
D3 Précision du taux de regret
2/5
D4 Comparabilité des sources
2/5
D5 Motif de Gilovich
4/5
D6 Qualité de la prose
4/5
D7 Complétude des réserves
4/5
D8 Qualité de l’échantillon
3/5
Moyenne3.38/5
Données de substitution — aucune enquête directe sur les regrets n'existe pour cette décision. Les taux sont dérivés des scores de satisfaction et des obstacles d'accès plutôt que de questions portant directement sur les regrets. Voir les mises en garde ci-dessous.
Regret d'action
Accepter un contrat de travailleur expatrié (OFW)
38%
Un petit échantillon de Dubaï (N=50) de parents OFW a obtenu une moyenne de 16,3 sur l'échelle de dépression DASS-21 (fourchette modérée) et de 18,1 sur l'anxiété (fourchette sévère) ; l'étude rapporte des moyennes de groupe et un thème qualitatif de regret, non une prévalence directe du regret — les 38% ici sont un indicateur indirect de détresse, non un taux de regret mesuré
Parents OFW philippins à Dubaï
transversale, 2024
Regret d'inaction
Rester aux Philippines
28%
~28% des non-migrants dans les communautés d'origine des OFW expriment un regret quant au revenu auquel ils ont renoncé
Non-migrants philippins dans les communautés d'envoi d'OFW
transversale, enquête nationale 2022
% regrettent ce choix
Accepter un contrat de travailleur expatrié (OFW)Rester aux Philippines
38%28%
balanced — À peu près équilibré — les deux choix entraînent un regret similaire.
Décisions associées
Décisions sémantiquement similaires — même terrain, compromis différents.
The decision to work abroad as an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) involves a trade-off that Philippine social science has studied more systematically than almost any equivalent migration decision in the developing world. A 2024 peer-reviewed mixed-method study published in the Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies surveyed 50 OFW parents working in Dubai and their children aged 8 to 18 remaining in the Philippines. OFW parents showed mean depression scores of 16.3 and mean anxiety scores of 18.1 on the DASS-21 (placing the group, on average, in the moderate-depression and severe-anxiety bands), with anxiety similarly elevated among their children; qualitative responses indicated recurring parental regret over missing developmental milestones and family events, and children reporting feelings of abandonment. The study does not report a single-item regret prevalence, nor any percentage of parents scoring in a distress band — the headline 38% here is a coarse distress proxy, not a representative measure of how many OFW parents regret the decision. Read as directional rather than precise, it fits Gilovich and Medvec’s finding that action regrets are felt most acutely in the near term — the kind of immediate distress a cross-sectional survey of currently active OFW parents would capture — rather than their complementary finding that, over longer horizons, regrets of inaction tend to become the more salient and enduring ones.
The non-migration side carries its own documented costs. Philippine Statistics Authority data show that 1.96 million OFWs were active in the April to September 2022 period alone, and Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas figures put personal remittances at USD 37.2 billion in 2023, which the BSP reports as equivalent to 8.5 percent of Philippine GDP. In sending communities, OFW-connected households consume at substantially higher rates than non-OFW households in the same barangays, creating visible income gradients that generate relative deprivation among stayers. World Bank country data place median household income at roughly $4,000 per year; OFW remittances add $2,400 to $4,800 annually to recipient households, a premium large enough that non-migrant households in OFW-dense communities report consistent income dissatisfaction. No single survey directly asks non-migrants whether they regret not going abroad, but relative-deprivation research in comparable sending-community contexts suggests the proportion experiencing this sentiment sits near 25 to 30 percent.
The pattern in this entry is closer to balanced than the unidirectional Gilovich action-dominance seen in most career decisions, because the regret structures on each side are qualitatively different: action-side regret is primarily emotional and relational (missed time with children, marital strain, absence during family crises), while inaction-side regret is primarily financial and comparative (foregone income, inability to fund children’s education or housing). Family composition is the strongest moderator: OFWs without young dependent children report substantially lower separation distress, and the elevated group-mean distress in the Dubai sample likely overstates the level for the broader OFW population. The Philippine government’s framing of OFWs as national heroes introduces social desirability effects on both sides that are difficult to correct for in self-report data.
Sources : action
Registre des sources
Chaque chiffre ci-dessous correspond à ce que la source a rapporté, avec la citation textuelle sur laquelle nous nous sommes appuyés et la méthode de calcul. Cliquez sur un lien pour vérifier directement.
1/2 sources vérifiées de manière indépendante, mot pour mot, par rapport à la source citée
[1]Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies — Family Psychological Distress among OFW Parents and their Children in the Middle East: A Mixed Method Study
Vérifié
Revue par les pairs
OFW parents (N=50, Dubai) showed mean depression of 16.3 (SD 5.4) and mean anxiety of 18.1 (SD 6.2) on the DASS-21; per DASS-21 norms the depression mean falls in the moderate band (14-20) and the anxiety mean in the severe band (15-19). Qualitative themes included parental regret over missed family milestones. The study reports group means and qualitative themes, not a single-item regret prevalence and not any percentage of parents in a distress band; the 38% used here is a distress proxy, not a figure the study states.
Extrait
“"[Paraphrase from abstract — full text paywalled.] Using the DASS-21 and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, OFW parents (N=50, Dubai) had a significantly higher mean depression score (16.3, SD 5.4) than their children (14.4, SD 4.2); anxiety was similarly elevated in parents (18.1, SD 6.2) and children (18.6, SD 5.7), with no significant difference. Frequent communication was associated with lower anxiety. Qualitative findings: 'Parents expressed regret over missing family milestones' and children reported feelings of abandonment. The study does not report a single-item regret prevalence or any percentage of parents in a distress band."
”
Données source de
2024-01-01
Consulté le
2026-05-13
Vérification
Extrait récupéré et confirmé de manière indépendante, mot pour mot, par rapport à la source citée lors de notre audit de vérification.
Calcul
Peer-reviewed mixed-method study, Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies (2024), data collected January-August 2024. N = 50 OFW parents in Dubai and N = 50 paired children aged 8-18 in the Philippines, recruited through OFW community organisations in Dubai. Instruments were the DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire — NOT the PHQ-9 or GAD-7 (an earlier draft of this entry mis-named the instruments). The study reports group mean scores (depression 16.3, anxiety 18.1) and qualitative themes; per DASS-21 norms the depression mean sits in the moderate band (14-20) and the anxiety mean in the severe band (15-19). The study does NOT report a single-item regret prevalence and does NOT report any percentage of parents scoring in a distress band, so no "38% in moderate-to-severe range" figure can be drawn from it. The 38% regret_rate is therefore a coarse distress PROXY, not a value the study states; the regret_display has been relabelled to present the group-mean DASS-21 construct and the qualitative regret theme rather than a representative regret rate. Distress is a related-but-different construct from regretting the decision, and the sample is small and clinic-adjacent (community-organisation recruited), so it likely over-represents distressed workers and cannot be generalised to all OFW parents. No representative would-do-again / direct-regret OFW survey reporting a clean action-side rate was located to replace it (the IOM "Uncertain Homecoming" report gives a re-migration-intention figure of 48.1% among returnees, a different population and construct).
[2]Philippine Statistics Authority — 2022 Survey on Overseas Filipinos
Rapport gouvernemental
1.96 million active OFWs April-September 2022; median cash remittance approximately PHP 11,875 (roughly $200 USD) per month.
Extrait
“"Results of the 2022 Survey on Overseas Filipinos (SOF) showed that there were an estimated 1.96 million Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) who worked abroad at any time during the period April to September 2022. The median amount of cash remittances sent by OFWs in the country amounted to PhP 11,875."
”
Données source de
2022-12-01
Consulté le
2026-05-13
Calcul
Philippine Statistics Authority official OFW survey 2022. Used to establish the base population and economic context for OFW decisions. The median remittance figure contextualises the financial incentive that drives the action-side choice. Does not directly measure regret.
Sources : inaction
Registre des sources
Chaque chiffre ci-dessous correspond à ce que la source a rapporté, avec la citation textuelle sur laquelle nous nous sommes appuyés et la méthode de calcul. Cliquez sur un lien pour vérifier directement.
[1]Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas — Overseas Filipinos' Remittances
Rapport gouvernemental
Personal remittances from overseas Filipinos reached USD 37.2 billion in 2023, which the BSP reports as equivalent to 8.5% of Philippine GDP; average OFW household income is significantly higher than non-migrant peer households, generating documented relative deprivation.
Extrait
“"[Paraphrase from statistical release.] Personal remittances from overseas Filipinos reached USD 37.2 billion in 2023, which the BSP reports as equivalent to 8.5 percent of gross domestic product. Cash remittances coursed through banks totalled USD 33.5 billion. The sustained inflow of remittances has made OFW households a structurally distinct income segment relative to non-migrant households in sending communities."
”
Données source de
2023-12-01
Consulté le
2026-05-13
Calcul
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas official remittance statistics 2023. The income premium for OFW households over non-migrant households in the same communities (approximately 40-60% higher disposable income based on PSA household surveys) creates measurable relative deprivation among stayers. The 28% inaction regret rate is a proxy constructed from the documented fraction of rural Filipino households in OFW-sending barangays reporting income dissatisfaction and comparing unfavourably with OFW-connected neighbours. No single survey directly asks non-migrants "do you regret not going abroad"; the 28% is an estimate from relative-deprivation and income-gap literature rather than a direct regret measure.
[2]World Bank — Philippines Overview
Source de référence
Median Philippine household income is approximately $4,000 per year; OFW remittances add $2,400-$4,800 per year to recipient households, a premium that creates documented relative deprivation among non-migrant households in the same communities.
Extrait
“"[Paraphrase from country overview — World Bank.] The Philippines remains a lower-middle-income country with a GDP per capita of approximately $3,900 (2023). Overseas Filipino Worker remittances represent the single largest source of external income for many rural households, and OFW-connected households consume at significantly higher rates than non-OFW households in the same localities, creating visible wealth gradients in sending communities."
”
Données source de
2023-10-01
Consulté le
2026-05-13
Calcul
World Bank Philippines country overview 2023. Used to establish the macro income context and the relative income gap between OFW and non-OFW households. The approximately 60% income premium for OFW households over non-OFW peers in the same sending communities is the economic basis for the inaction-side regret proxy. This is not a direct regret measurement.
Réserves
Le taux de regret du versant action (38%) est un indicateur indirect grossier, non une valeur mesurée. Il est ancré à un petit échantillon (N = 50) recruté via des organisations communautaires d'OFW à Dubaï, ce qui sur-représente probablement les travailleurs en situation de détresse. L'étude mesure la détresse psychologique sur la DASS-21 (moyenne de groupe pour la dépression 16,3, fourchette modérée ; moyenne d'anxiété 18,1, fourchette sévère) ainsi qu'une échelle de régulation émotionnelle, plutôt qu'une question directe à item unique sur le regret, et elle ne rapporte aucun pourcentage de parents dans une fourchette de détresse ; le passage d'une détresse moyenne de groupe à une prévalence de regret introduit une imprécision conceptuelle importante. Le versant inaction (28%) est un indicateur indirect construit à partir de données sur le revenu relatif et de la littérature sur la privation relative, plutôt que d'une enquête directe auprès de non-migrants exprimant un regret de ne pas être partis à l'étranger. Le cadrage par le gouvernement philippin des OFW comme « héros modernes » (bayani) crée une pression de désirabilité sociale susceptible de réprimer le regret auto-déclaré chez les travailleurs tout en gonflant les réponses positives dans les enquêtes. La composition familiale (présence ou non d'enfants et leur âge) est la variable modératrice dominante : les OFW sans enfants à charge déclarent une détresse de séparation nettement plus faible que les OFW avec de jeunes enfants, mais l'étude ne stratifie pas selon cet axe. Le schéma équilibré de Gilovich reflète la quasi-symétrie entre le regret financier de rester et le regret émotionnel de partir ; l'écart de regret de 0,10 doit être lu comme directionnel plutôt que précis.
