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1. [1] New England Journal of Medicine — HLA Match Likelihoods for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Grafts in the U.S. Registry Nghiên cứu chính

   HLA Match Likelihoods for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Grafts in the U.S. Registry

   Thống kê

   8/8 HLA match probability ranges from 75% (Whites of European descent, highest) down to 16% (Blacks of South or Central American descent, lowest); African Americans 19%, Hispanic groups 34-40%, Asian groups 27-42%

   Trích đoạn

   “"The likelihood of finding an optimal donor varies among racial and ethnic groups, with the highest probability among whites of European descent, at 75%, and the lowest probability among blacks of South or Central American descent, at 16%. Among African Americans, if the same search strategy is used, 19% will have an 8/8 HLA-matched donor identified, and another 57% will have a 7/8 HLA-matched donor." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2014-07-24

   Truy cập

   2026-04-18 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Tính toán

   Gragert et al. analyzed HLA haplotype frequencies in the NMDP registry against patient need. The 8/8 match is the clinical gold standard for unrelated donor transplant. The racial disparity arises from two compounding factors: (1) greater HLA diversity in populations of African and mixed ancestry, requiring a larger pool to find any given match, and (2) underrepresentation of minority donors in the registry (74% White at time of study). The normalized figure uses a population-weighted average across US racial demographics.

2. [2] NMDP (formerly Be The Match) — Why Ethnicity Matters for Bone Marrow Transplants Nguồn tham khảo

   Why Ethnicity Matters for Bone Marrow Transplants

   Thống kê

   71% of Black patients, 71% of multiracial patients, 52% of Latino/Hispanic patients, and 53% of Asian American patients lack a perfectly matched donor in the worldwide registry

   Trích đoạn

   “"71% of Blacks, 71% of multi-racial individuals, 52% of Latinos and Hispanics, and 53% of Asian Americans do not have a perfectly matched donor in the worldwide registry. A patient's ethnic background is important in predicting the likelihood of finding a match because HLA is inherited." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2025-01-01

   Truy cập

   2026-04-18 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Tính toán

   NMDP's current diversity page updates the Gragert et al. data with more recent registry composition. The figures are broadly consistent with the 2014 NEJM study, suggesting that despite recruitment efforts, the structural gap has not closed substantially. The registry now includes over 22 million donors worldwide but remains majority White.

3. [3] PMC / Bone Marrow Transplantation — Racial disparities in hematopoietic cell transplantation in the United States Đã xác minh Được bình duyệt

   Racial disparities in hematopoietic cell transplantation in the United States

   Thống kê

   Black patients are less likely to proceed to transplant and have worse outcomes, partly due to lower match availability and longer search times

   Trích đoạn

   “"Whites constitute nearly 6.5 million (74%) donors in the registry, whereas the representation of Hispanics (10%), Blacks (7%) and Asians (7%) is less frequent. This underrepresentation compounds the biological challenge of greater HLA diversity in non-White populations." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2013-11-01

   Truy cập

   2026-04-18 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Xác minh

   Trích đoạn đã được tải lại độc lập và xác nhận đúng từng chữ so với nguồn được trích dẫn trong quá trình kiểm định căn cứ của chúng tôi.

   Tính toán

   This review contextualizes the match-rate disparity within the broader transplant pipeline. Lower match probability leads to longer search times, which leads to disease progression, which leads to worse outcomes or ineligibility for transplant. The disparity is not purely a registry-size problem — HLA diversity means that even a proportionally representative registry would yield lower match rates for Black patients unless the registry were substantially larger overall.