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1. [1] Nationwide Children's Hospital — reporting Orsagh-Yentis, McAdams, Roberts & McKenzie, Pediatrics — Foreign Body Ingestions on the Rise (Orsagh-Yentis et al., Pediatrics 2019;143(5):e20181988) Đã xác minh Nguồn tham khảo

   Foreign Body Ingestions on the Rise (Orsagh-Yentis et al., Pediatrics 2019;143(5):e20181988)

   Thống kê

   ~759,000 US children under 6 treated in EDs for foreign-body ingestion, 1995-2015; rate up 91.5% from 9.5 to 18 per 10,000 children; ~43,000 (118/day) in 2015; coins 62%, toys 10%, jewelry 7%, batteries 7%; 62% aged 1-3; just over 10% admitted

   Trích đoạn

   “"more than 759,000 children younger than six years were estimated to have been evaluated for foreign body ingestions in emergency departments over the 21-year study period [...] The rate of foreign body ingestions per 10,000 children increased by 91.5%, from 9.5 in 1995 to 18 in 2015. [...] Coins were the most frequent type of objects ingested (62%), followed by toys (10%), jewelry (7%), and batteries (7%). [...] Foreign body ingestions most frequently involved children between one to three years of age (62%). [...] Just over 10% of children were admitted to the hospital as a result of their ingestion." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2019-04-12

   Truy cập

   2026-06-21 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Xác minh

   Trích đoạn đã được tải lại độc lập và xác nhận đúng từng chữ so với nguồn được trích dẫn trong quá trình kiểm định căn cứ của chúng tôi.

   Tính toán

   Primary anchor for the incidence headline, age distribution, object mix, and admission rate. 43,000 ED visits in 2015 against a US under-6 population of about 24 million is ~18 per 10,000 per year, matching the reported 2015 rate. Compounded over the six-year window gives ~1 in 90 per child. Coins at 62% are the dominant object, far ahead of batteries at 7% — the small subset that drives nearly all severe outcomes. The 10% admission rate feeds the regional_breakdown funnel.

   Độc lập

   Orsagh-Yentis is NEISS population surveillance (CPSC product-injury sampling), a genuinely separate pipeline from the clinical-review figures (AAFP, Lee) on spontaneous passage and from the clinical cohort (Destro) on neurodevelopmental risk. This press release reports the peer-reviewed Pediatrics paper; the journal page itself (publications.aap.org) is paywalled/403 to automated fetching.

2. [2] American Family Physician (AAFP) — Foreign Body Ingestion in Children Đã xác minh Được bình duyệt

   Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

   Thống kê

   93-99% of blunt objects pass without intervention; ~1% require surgical removal; 10-20% managed with endoscopy; serious morbidity in <1%; 50% of confirmed ingestions asymptomatic; peaks ages 6 months-3 years; ~1,500 all-ages US foreign-body deaths/year

   Trích đoạn

   “"In the pre-endoscopy era, 93 to 99 percent of blunt objects passed without intervention, and approximately one percent required surgical removal. [...] Today, 10 to 20 percent of children who ingest foreign bodies are managed with endoscopy. [...] It causes serious morbidity in less than one percent of all patients, and approximately 1,500 deaths per year are attributed to ingestion of foreign bodies in the United States. [...] A retrospective review found that 50 percent of children with confirmed foreign body ingestions were asymptomatic. [...] Foreign body ingestion is a potentially serious problem that peaks in children aged six months to three years." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2005-07-15

   Truy cập

   2026-06-21 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Xác minh

   Trích đoạn đã được tải lại độc lập và xác nhận đúng từng chữ so với nguồn được trích dẫn trong quá trình kiểm định căn cứ của chúng tôi.

   Tính toán

   Source for the outcome funnel: most blunt objects pass without intervention, ~10-20% need endoscopy, ~1% need surgery, serious morbidity <1%, and half of confirmed ingestions are asymptomatic. The "~1,500 deaths/year" figure is deliberately NOT used in the headline: it is all-ages and dominated by airway obstruction (choking), not toddlers passing swallowed objects through the gut — see caveats.

   Độc lập

   The 80-90% spontaneous-passage / 10-20% endoscopy / ~1% surgery split is a single canonical clinical figure restated across the review literature. This AAFP review and Lee 2018 (below) are two restatements of the same figure, not independent measurements; treat them as one source for the funnel. The independent pipelines in this entry are Orsagh-Yentis (NEISS surveillance) and Destro (clinical cohort).

3. [3] Clinical Endoscopy 2018;51(2):129-136 — Lee JH — Foreign Body Ingestion in Children Đã xác minh Được bình duyệt

   Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

   Thống kê

   80-90% of GI-tract foreign bodies pass spontaneously without complications; 10-20% removed endoscopically; ~1% require open surgery; most events at 6 months-3 years; coins most common; sharp/pointed objects perforate in 15-35%

   Trích đoạn

   “"80%-90% of FBs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are passed spontaneously without complications, 10%-20% are removed endoscopically, and 1% require open surgery. [...] most events occur in children between 6 months and 3 years of age. [...] Coins are the most commonly ingested FB in children. [...] sharp or pointed FBs can cause perforation in 15%-35% of patients." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2018-03-30

   Truy cập

   2026-06-21 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Xác minh

   Trích đoạn đã được tải lại độc lập và xác nhận đúng từng chữ so với nguồn được trích dẫn trong quá trình kiểm định căn cứ của chúng tôi.

   Tính toán

   Confirms the spontaneous-passage / endoscopy / surgery split and supplies the sharp-object perforation rate (15-35%) used in the caveats and the dangerous-tail framing. Also corroborates the 6-months-to-3-years peak age and coins as the most common object.

   Độc lập

   Restates the same canonical spontaneous-passage / endoscopy / surgery split as the AAFP review above; the two are one figure restated, not independent confirmation. The sharp-object perforation rate is its distinct contribution.

4. [4] Children (Basel) 2021;8(11):956 — Destro et al. — Foreign Body Ingestion in Neurologically Impaired Children: A Challenging Diagnosis and Management in Pediatric Surgery Đã xác minh Được bình duyệt

   Foreign Body Ingestion in Neurologically Impaired Children: A Challenging Diagnosis and Management in Pediatric Surgery

   Thống kê

   Children with intellectual disability/neurodevelopmental delay (ID-ND) commonly ingest foreign bodies; higher risk tied to poor hand-to-mouth control, prolonged oral phase, dysphagia; long delays to presentation drive higher surgery, perforation, and mortality

   Trích đoạn

   “"Children with intellectual disability/neurodevelopmental delay (ID-ND) commonly ingest foreign bodies (FB) [...] the higher risk of FB ingestion in ID-ND is related to several reasons, including poor control of hand-to-mouth activity and exploration of objects, prolonged oral phase, dysphagia with limited control over objects placed in the oral cavity, communication impairment, and altered protective mechanisms. [...] Long delays between ingestion to presentation and intervention might account for higher rates of surgery, perforation, and mortality in the group of patients with ID-ND." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2021-10-23

   Truy cập

   2026-06-21 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Xác minh

   Trích đoạn đã được tải lại độc lập và xác nhận đúng từng chữ so với nguồn được trích dẫn trong quá trình kiểm định căn cứ của chúng tôi.

   Tính toán

   Basis for the developmental-delay/autism/pica personal factor. The paper documents that ID-ND children both ingest objects more (prolonged oral-exploration phase) and fare worse (delayed presentation → more surgery, perforation, death). The multiplier is therefore explicitly mixed — incidence, recurrence, and severity — not a clean incidence ratio.

   Độc lập

   A clinical cohort/case series, methodologically distinct from the NEISS population surveillance (Orsagh-Yentis) and from the general clinical-review funnel figures (AAFP, Lee). It addresses a different question (who is at elevated risk and why), so it complements rather than overlaps the other three.

5. [5] National Capital Poison Center — National Capital Poison Center's Button Battery Ingestion Triage and Treatment Guideline Đã xác minh Nguồn tham khảo

   National Capital Poison Center's Button Battery Ingestion Triage and Treatment Guideline

   Thống kê

   Batteries lodged in the esophagus may cause serious burns in as little as 2 hours; immediate removal is required

   Trích đoạn

   “"Batteries lodged in the esophagus may cause serious burns in as little as 2 hours... Immediately remove batteries lodged in the esophagus. Serious burns can occur in 2 hours." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2024-01-01

   Truy cập

   2026-07-03 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Xác minh

   Trích đoạn đã được tải lại độc lập và xác nhận đúng từng chữ so với nguồn được trích dẫn trong quá trình kiểm định căn cứ của chúng tôi.

   Tính toán

   Supports the body-prose claim that a button or coin-cell battery lodged in the esophagus can cause severe burns within about two hours — the reason battery ingestion is treated as a same-day emergency rather than folded into the "it will pass" reassurance that applies to blunt objects in the stomach.

   Độc lập

   National Capital Poison Center clinical guideline, methodologically distinct from the NEISS surveillance (Orsagh-Yentis), the AAFP/Lee clinical-review funnel figures, and the Destro ID-ND cohort above.

6. [6] Frontiers in Pediatrics 2021;9:727988 — Altokhais T — Magnet Ingestion in Children: Management Guidelines and Prevention Đã xác minh Được bình duyệt

   Magnet Ingestion in Children: Management Guidelines and Prevention

   Thống kê

   Two or more ingested high-powered magnets can attract across the gastrointestinal wall, causing ischemia, tissue necrosis, perforation, fistula formation, obstruction, peritonitis, or death; NEISS estimated 16,386 possible magnet ingestions among US children under 18 from 2002-2011

   Trích đoạn

   “"Magnet pieces attract each other across the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, causing ischemia, tissue necrosis, perforation, fistula formation, obstruction, peritonitis, or death." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2021-08-04

   Truy cập

   2026-07-03 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Xác minh

   Trích đoạn đã được tải lại độc lập và xác nhận đúng từng chữ so với nguồn được trích dẫn trong quá trình kiểm định căn cứ của chúng tôi.

   Tính toán

   Supports the body-prose claim that two or more high-powered magnets, swallowed separately, pinch bowel tissue between them and cause perforation — the mechanism that makes multiple-magnet ingestion a distinct surgical emergency rather than an "it will pass" case, alongside button batteries and sharp objects.

   Độc lập

   Peer-reviewed clinical review, methodologically distinct from the NEISS surveillance (Orsagh-Yentis), the AAFP/Lee clinical-review funnel figures, the Destro ID-ND cohort, and the National Capital Poison Center battery guideline above.