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1. [1] BMJ Open — Carpenter, McGarvey, Mitchell, Tappin, Vennemann, Smuk, Carpenter — Bed sharing when parents do not smoke: is there a risk of SIDS? An individual level analysis of five major case-control studies Nghiên cứu chính

   Bed sharing when parents do not smoke: is there a risk of SIDS? An individual level analysis of five major case-control studies

   Thống kê

   Modeled first-year cumulative SIDS risk during bed-sharing: 0.23 per 1,000 live births for the lowest-risk group (breastfed, neither parent smoking, no maternal alcohol/drug use), rising to 27.5 per 1,000 for the highest-risk group modeled in the paper's main table (bottle-fed, both parents smoking, maternal alcohol use); a separate modeled scenario stacking young maternal age and low birth weight on top of those behavioral factors reaches 125 per 1,000. The paper reports no per-night estimate.

   Trích đoạn

   “"Bed sharing for sleep when the parents do not smoke or take alcohol or drugs increases the risk of SIDS. [...] The absolute risk estimates were very low at 0.08 per 1,000 live births for room sharing infants, rising to 0.23 per 1,000 when bed sharing occurred. [...] Table 4 shows that for room sharing breast-fed babies placed supine, and whose parents do not smoke and have no other risk factors, the SIDS rate is predicted to be 0.08 (0.05 to 0.14)/1000 live-births. This rate is predicted to increase by 2.7 times (1.4 to 5.3) to 0.23 (0.11 to 0.49)/1000 when bed sharing. [...] a 2.25 kg bottle-fed baby bed sharing with an 18-year-old mother, who smokes and regularly takes 2+ units of alcohol and whose partner also smokes, has a predicted SIDS rate of 125/1000, that is, 12.5% (see online supplementary table b)." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2013-01-01

   Truy cập

   2026-04-18 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Tính toán

   Carpenter et al. pooled individual-level data from five major SIDS case-control studies (1,472 SIDS cases, 4,679 controls) and modeled predicted SIDS rates (Table 4) for a "normal" cohabiting mother aged 26-30 with a second normal-weight baby. All rates are CUMULATIVE FIRST-YEAR (ages 0 up to 1 year) absolute risks per 1,000 live births — the paper reports no per-night estimate anywhere. Minimum-risk row (breastfed, neither parent smoking, no alcohol): bed sharing 0.23 (0.11 to 0.49)/1000 live-births versus 0.08 (0.05 to 0.14)/1000 for room sharing (ratio 2.7). This 0.23/1000 (1 in ~4,348) is the native rate. The highest row modeled in the same table (bottle-fed, both parents smoking, maternal alcohol use, same "normal" mother profile): bed sharing 27.5 (10.4 to 68.4)/1000, used as the normalized headline (1 in ~36). A separate, more extreme combination modeled in the Discussion section (2.25 kg bottle-fed infant, 18-year-old mother who smokes and drinks 2+ units of alcohol, smoking partner) reaches 125/1000 (12.5%, ~1 in 8) — the ceiling reported anywhere in the paper, used as the top of the uncertainty band. None of these figures involve per-night compounding; they are the paper's own first-year model outputs.

2. [2] PLOS One — Blair, Sidebotham, Pease, Fleming — Bed-Sharing in the Absence of Hazardous Circumstances: Is There a Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome? An Analysis from Two Case-Control Studies Conducted in the UK Được bình duyệt

   Bed-Sharing in the Absence of Hazardous Circumstances: Is There a Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome? An Analysis from Two Case-Control Studies Conducted in the UK

   Thống kê

   Adjusted OR for SIDS/SUID with bed-sharing in the absence of hazards was not significant (OR=1.1, 95% CI 0.6-2.0); sofa-sharing OR=18.3 and alcohol >2 units OR=18.3; smoking for infants under 3 months OR=8.9

   Trích đoạn

   “"The multivariable risk associated with bed-sharing in the absence of these hazards was not significant overall (OR = 1.1 [95% CI: 0.6-2.0]), for infants less than 3 months old (OR = 1.6 [95% CI: 0.96-2.7]), and was in the direction of protection for older infants (OR = 0.1 [95% CI: 0.01-0.5]). [...] Sofa-sharing carried extremely high risk (OR=18.3). Co-sleeping with alcohol-intoxicated parents showed very elevated risk (OR=18.3). Parental smoking posed significant danger for infants under 3 months (OR=8.9)." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2014-06-02

   Truy cập

   2026-04-18 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Tính toán

   Blair et al. reanalyzed two large UK case-control datasets. The OR of ~2.9 for bed-sharing in the absence of hazards (from the broader meta-analytic literature including Vennemann 2012) is used as the baseline multiplier. With parental smoking the OR rises to ~6.3; with alcohol and smoking combined the effective OR reaches ~18 — a similar order of magnitude to Carpenter et al.'s own bed-sharing "both smoke" multiplier (Table 3: ~15.6x at 3 months and over). These ORs are shown for context on how risk factors stack; they are not compounded against a per-night baseline to derive this entry's native/normalized headline figures, which come directly from Carpenter et al.'s own modeled first-year rates (see that source's calculation_notes). Age-stratified, the hazard-free bed-sharing OR was not significant overall (1.1, 95% CI 0.6-2.0) and not quite significant for infants under 3 months (1.6, CI 0.96-2.7), but was statistically significant and protective for infants 3 months and older (0.1, CI 0.01-0.5), though the source paper flags that older-infant subgroup as numerically small.

3. [3] US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) — Data and Statistics for SUID and SIDS ↗ 2 other entries Báo cáo chính phủ

   Data and Statistics for SUID and SIDS

   See all 3 Likelier entries citing this source →

   Thống kê

   In 2022, ~3,700 SUID deaths in the US; 1,040 classified as accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ASSB)

   Trích đoạn

   “"In 2022, there were about 3,700 sudden unexpected infant deaths (SUID) in the United States. These deaths occur among infants less than 1 year old and have no immediately obvious cause. [...] 1,040 deaths from accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2024-04-01

   Truy cập

   2026-04-18 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Tính toán

   1,040 ASSB deaths out of ~3.67 million US live births in 2022 ≈ 28.3 per 100,000 live births, or roughly 1 in 3,530 infants in the first year of life. Not all ASSB deaths involve bed-sharing (some occur in cribs with soft bedding, car seats, or other surfaces), and not all bed-sharing deaths are classified as ASSB (some fall under SIDS or unknown cause). The ASSB figure provides an order-of-magnitude anchor for suffocation-mechanism deaths rather than a direct measure of bed-sharing risk.

   Độc lập

   CDC vital registration data. The same underlying NCHS mortality files inform the sibling SIDS entry and the AAP 2022 policy statement; treat as methodologically linked sources.

4. [4] Pediatrics (American Academy of Pediatrics) — Moon, Carlin, Hand et al. — Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2022 Recommendations for Reducing Infant Deaths in the Sleep Environment ↗ 1 other entry Được bình duyệt

   Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2022 Recommendations for Reducing Infant Deaths in the Sleep Environment

   See all 2 Likelier entries citing this source →

   Thống kê

   AAP recommends against bed-sharing; ~3,500 US sleep-related infant deaths per year; bed-sharing identified as a modifiable risk factor

   Trích đoạn

   “"Each year in the United States, ∼3500 infants die of sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) [...] It is recommended that infants sleep on a separate, flat, noninclined sleep surface [...] It is recommended that infants not sleep on adult beds, couches, or armchairs." ”

   Dữ liệu nguồn từ

   2022-07-01

   Truy cập

   2026-04-18 · bản sao lưu trữ

   Tính toán

   AAP 2022 policy statement synthesizing the epidemiological literature. Provides the institutional recommendation context: bed-sharing is listed as a modifiable risk factor. The ~3,500 figure covers all sleep-related infant deaths (SIDS + ASSB + unknown), not bed-sharing specifically.

   Độc lập

   Policy synthesis drawing on the same Carpenter, Blair, and CDC datasets cited above; not an independent estimate.