Kualitas bukti 4.75/5
Skor tinjauan delapan dimensi terhadap rubrik kualitas . Setiap dimensi dinilai 1–5.
- D1 Dasar sumber
- 5/5
- D2 Otoritas sumber
- 5/5
- D3 Aritmetika
- 4/5
- D4 Ketidakpastian
- 5/5
- D5 Cakupan
- 5/5
- D6 Prosa
- 5/5
- D7 Kejujuran persepsi
- 4/5
- D8 Kelengkapan peringatan
- 5/5
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Dipersepsikan
Estimasi orang tua tentang intimidasi di sekolah bervariasi lebih besar daripada hampir semua risiko masa kanak-kanak lainnya. Beberapa orang tua memperlakukannya sebagai ritus peralihan yang hampir universal dan mengasumsikan setiap anak akan menghadapinya; yang lain percaya bahwa sekolah anak mereka pada dasarnya bebas dari intimidasi. Liputan media berayun antara kepanikan moral (setiap sekolah adalah zona perang) dan penenangan (program anti-intimidasi telah menyelesaikannya). Ketika ditekan untuk memberi angka, kebanyakan orang dewasa menebak di suatu tempat antara 10 % dan 50 %, rentang yang cukup lebar sehingga hampir tidak informatif. Ketiadaan jangkar publik yang stabil membuat persepsi ini luar biasa berisik.
Perkiraan kasar: ~1 dari 3 hingga 1 dari 5 anak, secara intuitif
Sumber: intuisi redaksi, bukan hasil survei
Aktual
~19 % siswa AS usia 12-18 melaporkan diintimidasi di sekolah (NCES 2022)
siswa AS usia 12-18 yang terdaftar di kelas 6-12
Tampilkan perhitungan
NCES School Crime Supplement (2022) melaporkan 19,2 % siswa usia 12-18 mengalami intimidasi di sekolah pada tahun survei. CDC NCHS Data Brief 514 (Oktober 2024), menggunakan data National Health Interview Survey dari Juli 2021 hingga Desember 2023, menemukan angka yang lebih tinggi: 34,0 % remaja usia 12-17 diintimidasi dalam 12 bulan terakhir. Menggunakan tingkat tahunan NCES yang lebih konservatif ~19 % dan diakumulasikan selama 7 tahun ajaran (kelas 6-12): 1 - (1 - 0,19)^7 = 0,75. Menggunakan tingkat YRBS khusus SMA ~19 % untuk kelas 9-12 dan tingkat NCES SMP ~26 % untuk kelas 6-8, akumulasi tertimbang memberikan ~0,72. Namun, episode intimidasi tidak sepenuhnya independen dari tahun ke tahun — beberapa anak menjadi sasaran secara terus-menerus sementara yang lain tidak pernah menjadi sasaran. Menyesuaikan turun untuk efek pengelompokan ini (korelasi antar tahun), estimasi sentral ~0,65 digunakan. Angka NCHS 34 % per tahun akan menghasilkan estimasi seumur hidup yang jauh lebih tinggi (~0,95), tetapi survei tersebut menggunakan definisi yang lebih luas termasuk ejekan verbal yang mungkin tidak memenuhi ambang batas NCES.
Catatan: Estimasi prevalensi untuk intimidasi di sekolah berkisar dari 19 % (NCES SCS, kr…
Estimasi prevalensi untuk intimidasi di sekolah berkisar dari 19 % (NCES SCS, kriteria perilaku ketat) hingga 34 % (NCHS NHIS, laporan orang tua/diri yang lebih luas) hingga 32 % secara global (UNESCO, bulan terakhir). Perbedaan ini didorong oleh ambang batas definisi, jendela pelaporan, dan apakah survei menanyakan tentang perilaku spesifik atau menggunakan kata «bullying» (pelabelan diri menghasilkan estimasi yang lebih rendah). Akumulasi seumur hidup ~65 % mengasumsikan independensi antar tahun yang tidak sempurna; jika intimidasi sangat terkelompok pada sebagian anak yang menjadi sasaran secara kronis, tingkat «pernah diintimidasi» di tingkat populasi mungkin lebih rendah daripada yang disarankan oleh akumulasi sederhana, tetapi beban individu pada anak-anak tersebut jauh lebih tinggi. Entri ini hanya mencakup intimidasi secara langsung; perundungan siber dilacak secara terpisah. Keparahan sangat bervariasi — angka 19 % mencakup segala hal mulai dari satu insiden pemanggilan nama hingga intimidasi fisik berkelanjutan sepanjang tahun ajaran. Peningkatan YRBS 2023 dari 15 % ke 19 % mungkin mencerminkan penyesuaian ulang sosial pasca-pandemi alih-alih tren jangka panjang, dan harus ditafsirkan dengan hati-hati sampai siklus survei berikutnya mengonfirmasi atau membalikkannya.
Bagaimana risiko bervariasi
Angka utama merata-ratakan situasi yang sangat berbeda. Berikut bagaimana probabilitas bervariasi berdasarkan skenario atau konteks:
1 dari 3,8 · 26%
Peak bullying age; NCES SCS 2022 reports 26% for this group
1 dari 6,3 · 16%
NCES SCS 2022; YRBS 2023 reports 19% for a slightly different question
1 dari 3,1 · 32%
UNESCO 2019; includes physical and psychological bullying
Panjang dan gradasi warna batang memeringkat skenario ini satu sama lain, bukan terhadap risiko lain. Peluang pastinya ditampilkan di samping masing-masing.
Risiko terkait
Risiko lain dengan tema serupa — untuk menjelajahi ketakutan terkait.
Perundungan di tempat kerja
Berapa kemungkinan mengalami mobbing atau perundungan di tempat kerja?
Kerusakan akibat pipa pecah
Seberapa besar kemungkinan pipa saya pecah dan menyebabkan kerusakan air yang parah?
Pilih penantang
The most reliable US estimate comes from the NCES School Crime Supplement, which asks students ages 12-18 about specific bullying behaviors rather than relying on the loaded word “bullying” itself. In the 2021-22 school year, 19% of students reported being bullied at school — verbal harassment (12%), rumor-spreading (10%), physical aggression (5%), deliberate exclusion (5%), and threats (4%). The CDC’s 2023 Youth Risk Behavior Survey independently converged on the same 19% for high schoolers, while a broader CDC household survey (NCHS Data Brief 514, 2024) found 34% of 12-17-year-olds bullied in the past year using a more inclusive definition. Compounding the conservative 19% annual rate across seven school years would suggest a raw lifetime probability approaching 75%; adjusting downward for the fact that bullying tends to cluster on a persistently targeted subset of children rather than striking independently each year yields a central estimate of roughly 65% — meaning most children will encounter in-person bullying at least once during their school career, though many of those encounters will be isolated incidents rather than sustained campaigns.
School bullying is one of the few risks where parental intuitions split almost evenly in opposite directions. Parents who were bullied themselves tend to overestimate prevalence and assume it is nearly universal; parents whose children attend well-resourced schools in low-conflict neighborhoods tend to assume it barely exists. Both intuitions contain a grain of truth. The 19-22% annual rate is high enough that bullying is genuinely common — in a classroom of 30, roughly six students experienced it that year — but low enough that the majority of children in any given year are not targeted. The distribution is also uneven: middle schoolers (26%) face it at nearly double the rate of high schoolers (16%), LGBTQ+ students at 1.6 times the average, and students with developmental disabilities at 1.4 times. These subgroup disparities mean that “the odds of being bullied” is not a single number but a distribution shaped by age, identity, and school environment.
The health consequences are well-documented and disproportionate to how casually bullying is sometimes dismissed. The NCHS found that bullied teenagers were nearly twice as likely to show symptoms of anxiety or depression. Longitudinal studies link childhood bullying victimization to elevated rates of PTSD symptoms, social withdrawal, and suicidal ideation that can persist into adulthood. The 2023 YRBS also flagged a worrying reversal: after years of decline, reported bullying on school property rose from 15% in 2021 to 19% in 2023, potentially reflecting post-pandemic social readjustment as students returned to in-person schooling. Whether that uptick is a blip or a trend reversal will not be clear until the next survey cycle.
Fakta terkait
Sekitar 50% remaja AS mengalami perundungan siber selama SMA. Digabung dengan perundungan langsung (65% di kelas 6-12), pelecehan kini norma bukan pengecualian.
Sekitar 65% siswa AS mengalami perundungan di kelas 6-12. Peluang terbunuh dalam penembakan sekolah ~1 dari 110.000 per tahun. Bahaya sehari-hari mengerdilkan risiko berita utama.
65% siswa mengalami perundungan di kelas 6-12. 48% orang dewasa mengalami perundungan di tempat kerja sekarier. Wisuda mengubah setting, bukan probabilitas.
Buku besar klaim
Setiap angka di bawah ini adalah apa yang dilaporkan masing-masing sumber, dengan kutipan kata demi kata yang kami andalkan dan bagaimana kami sampai pada angka kami. Klik tautan mana saja untuk memverifikasi langsung.
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[1] National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), U.S. Department of Education — Student Reports of Bullying: Results From the 2022 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey
Student Reports of Bullying: Results From the 2022 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey- Statistik
About 19% of students ages 12-18 reported being bullied at school during the 2021-22 school year; 26% in middle school, 16% in high school- Kutipan
“"In 2021-22, about 19 percent of students ages 12-18 reported being bullied during school. The percentage was higher for female students than for male students (22 vs. 17 percent) and higher for middle school students (26 percent) than high school students (16 percent)." ”
- Data sumber dari
- 2024-02-01
- Diakses
- 2026-04-19 · salinan arsip
- Perhitungan
- The School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey is the gold-standard US measure. It surveys ~5,800 students ages 12-18 biennially. The 19% figure is the native estimate. Types of bullying: being made fun of, called names, or insulted (12%); subject of rumors (10%); pushed, shoved, tripped, or spit on (5%); excluded from activities on purpose (5%); threatened with harm (4%). Among those bullied, 32% experienced it on 1 day, 18% on 2 days, 31% on 3-10 days, and 18% on more than 10 days in the school year.
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[2] National Center for Health Statistics, CDC — Bullying Victimization Among Teenagers: United States, July 2021-December 2023
Bullying Victimization Among Teenagers: United States, July 2021-December 2023- Statistik
34.0% of teenagers ages 12-17 were bullied in the past 12 months; 38.4% for ages 12-14, 29.7% for ages 15-17- Kutipan
“"During July 2021-December 2023, 34.0% of teenagers ages 12-17 were bullied in the past 12 months. The percentage was higher among younger teenagers ages 12-14 (38.4%) than among teenagers ages 15-17 (29.7%). Sexual or gender minority teenagers were more likely to be bullied (47.1%) than teenagers who are not a sexual or gender minority (30.0%)." ”
- Data sumber dari
- 2024-10-01
- Diakses
- 2026-04-19 · salinan arsip
- Perhitungan
- NCHS Data Brief 514 uses National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data pooled over 2.5 years. The 34% figure is substantially higher than the NCES 19% because the NHIS uses a broader definition of bullying (parent- or self-report, includes verbal teasing that may not meet the SCS behavioral threshold). The NHIS also captures younger teens (12-14) who have higher victimization rates. The subgroup figures are critical for the personal factor multipliers: girls 38.3% vs boys 29.9%, SGM teens 47.1% vs non-SGM 30.0%, teens with developmental disability 44.4% vs without 31.3%.
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[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) — Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary & Trends Report 2013-2023
Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary & Trends Report 2013-2023- Statistik
In 2023, 19% of US high school students reported being bullied on school property in the past year, up from 15% in 2021- Kutipan
“"The percentage of high school students who reported being bullied on school property was 19.0% in 2023, compared with 15.2% in 2021. Female students (22%) were more likely than male students (17%) to report being bullied at school." ”
- Data sumber dari
- 2024-06-01
- Diakses
- 2026-04-19 · salinan arsip
- Perhitungan
- The YRBS is a biennial survey of ~17,000 high school students (grades 9-12). The 2023 figure of 19% aligns with the NCES SCS figure for the same age group. The increase from 15% in 2021 is notable and may reflect post-pandemic social adjustment. YRBS also reports that 29% of LGB students were bullied at school, compared to approximately 17% of heterosexual students (roughly 1.7x multiplier). This source corroborates the NCES data and provides the trend context.
- Independensi
- YRBS and SCS are independently administered surveys with different sampling frames; convergence on ~19% for high schoolers strengthens confidence in the native estimate.
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[4] UNESCO — Behind the Numbers: Ending School Violence and Bullying
Behind the Numbers: Ending School Violence and Bullying- Statistik
Almost 1 in 3 students (32%) worldwide has been bullied by peers at school at least once in the last month- Kutipan
“"Almost one in three students (32%) has been bullied by their peers at school at least once in the last month and a similar proportion are affected by physical violence. Bullying has decreased in almost half of the 71 countries and territories studied." ”
- Data sumber dari
- 2019-01-01
- Diakses
- 2026-04-19 · salinan arsip
- Perhitungan
- UNESCO's global figure of 32% (past month) is substantially higher than the US annual figures because it includes countries with less developed anti-bullying infrastructure and uses a past-month reporting window. This source provides the global context and establishes that US rates, while concerning, are below the global average. Physical bullying is more common outside North America and Europe, where psychological bullying predominates.
- Independensi
- UNESCO draws on HBSC, GSHS, PIRLS, and TIMSS data — survey instruments independent from US-administered NCES SCS and CDC YRBS.