Wat is de kans om te overlijden aan algehele narcose tijdens een operatie?

Elk getal hieronder is wat elke bron rapporteerde, met het letterlijke citaat waarop we ons baseerden en hoe we tot ons cijfer kwamen. Klik op een link om rechtstreeks te verifiëren.

1. [1] The Lancet — Perioperative and anaesthetic-related mortality in developed and developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Vakgenoten-beoordeeld

   Perioperative and anaesthetic-related mortality in developed and developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

   Statistiek

   Mortality solely attributable to anaesthesia (pooled across all included studies) declined from 357 per million before the 1970s to 34 per million in the 1990s-2000s

   Fragment

   “"Mortality solely attributable to anaesthesia declined over time, from 357 per million (95% CI 324–394) before the 1970s to 52 per million (42–64) in the 1970s–80s, and 34 per million (29–39) in the 1990s–2000s (p<0·00001)." ”

   Brongegevens van

   2012-09-22

   Geraadpleegd

   2026-04-18 · gearchiveerde kopie

   Berekening

   Bainbridge et al.'s pooled per-million-by-decade figures (357/52/34 per million solely- attributable-to-anaesthesia deaths for before-1970s/1970s-80s/1990s-2000s, across the 87 included studies and 21.4 million anaesthetics) span both developed and developing countries and all ASA classes, so the most recent bucket (34 per million ≈ 1 in 29,400) sits well above the rate for healthy (ASA I-II) adults in a single high-income country today. Used here as historical-trend context for the ~10-fold decline in anaesthesia- attributable mortality since before 1970. The native per-anesthetic rate for healthy adults in high-income countries is grounded on Schiff et al. 2014 instead — see that source's calculation_notes for the derivation.

2. [2] British Journal of Anaesthesia — Major incidents and complications in otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: results based on 1.37 million anaesthetic procedures Vakgenoten-beoordeeld

   Major incidents and complications in otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: results based on 1.37 million anaesthetic procedures

   Statistiek

   Death or serious complication rate 26.2 per million elective ASA I-II procedures; 7.3 per million with possible direct anaesthetic involvement

   Fragment

   “"Of 1 374 678 otherwise healthy, ASA I and II patients in the CDS database, 36 met the study inclusion criteria … death or serious complication rate of 26.2 per million (95% confidence interval, 19.4–34.6) procedures … for those with possible direct anaesthetic involvement, 7.3 per million cases (95% CI, 3.9–12.3)." ”

   Brongegevens van

   2014-07-01

   Geraadpleegd

   2026-04-26 · gearchiveerde kopie

   Berekening

   Schiff et al. 2014 (PMID 24801456) analysed 1.37 million elective ASA I-II procedures from a German national surveillance database (1999-2010), finding a rate of 7.3 per million (~1 in 137,000) for deaths with possible direct anaesthetic involvement in healthy patients — lower than Bainbridge et al.'s pooled 1990s-2000s rate of 34 per million (~1 in 29,400) because Bainbridge's figure spans developed and developing countries and all ASA classes across many studies, while Schiff's is a single contemporary high-income-country dataset restricted to healthy (ASA I-II) patients. Used as the primary basis for the native rate: native ≈ 1/137,000 per anesthetic; normalized assumes 3 lifetime anesthetics: 1 − (1 − 1/137,000)^3 ≈ 1/46,000.

   Onafhankelijkheid

   Schiff et al. uses a German national surveillance database (CDS), independent of Bainbridge's systematic review sources. Partially independent.

3. [3] Anesthesiology (Li et al.) — Epidemiology of Anesthesia-related Mortality in the United States, 1999-2005 Vakgenoten-beoordeeld

   Epidemiology of Anesthesia-related Mortality in the United States, 1999-2005

   Statistiek

   Anesthesia-related death rate 8.2 per million hospital surgical discharges in the US (1999-2005); ~1.1 per million population per year

   Fragment

   “"The anesthesia-related death rate was 1.1 per million population per year … The estimated mortality risk from anesthesia complications for inpatients was 8.2 … deaths per million hospital surgical discharges … Anesthesia complications were the underlying cause in 241 (10.9%) of these deaths and a contributing factor in the remaining 1,970 (89.1%) deaths." ”

   Brongegevens van

   2009-04-01

   Geraadpleegd

   2026-04-26

   Berekening

   Li et al. (PMID 19322941) analysed US national mortality data for 1999-2005, finding 2,211 anesthesia-related deaths. The 8.2 per million hospital surgical discharges (~1 in 122,000) is the same order of magnitude as Schiff et al.'s 7.3 per million for healthy ASA I-II patients in Germany. Note: Li et al.'s figures are US population-wide, include all ASA classes (not just healthy ASA I-II), and count both underlying-cause and contributing-factor deaths, so likely overstate the healthy-ASA-I-II-only, solely- attributable rate somewhat. Corroborates ~1 in 137,000 as the right order of magnitude for the native rate used here.